Chapter 17

Question 1

a healthy mind in a healthy body: emotional

Answer 1

1. depression
2. anxiety
3. self-esteem
4. over-all-well being

Question 2

what we know about PA and health

Answer 2

improves and maintains mental health

Question 3

what we dont know PA and health

Answer 3

mode
frequency
duration

Question 4

acute vs chronic exercise

Answer 4

exercising today vs active in the last week

Question 5

depression

Answer 5

1 in 3 people- at some point in their lives
evidence is building
cross sectional and prospective study
adolescents and adults
meds can help with how many neurotransmitters

Question 6

mild- moderate depression

Answer 6

aerobic or anaerobic (mod intensity)

exercise is better than meds

Question 7

exercise and depression study

Answer 7

blumethal et al (1999) directly compared exercise to antidepressant meds
156 older adults with moderate depression
16 week intervention

Question 8

exercise and depression study continued

Answer 8

1. walk-run program
2. antidepressant and meds
3. exercise and meds

Question 9

exercise and depression study results

Answer 9

overall depressive symptoms reduced similar amount
meds help reduce symptoms more rapidly - especially in those with higher level depression
BUT exercise only group has a significantly lower rate of relapse

Question 10

follow up study depression

Answer 10

202 sedentary adults 
16 week intervention
1. meds
2. placebo
3. home-based exercise group
4. supervised exercise 
results: remission rate

Question 11

how much PA for depression

Answer 11

not enough evidence for guidelines

not tied to aerobic fitness

Question 12

anxiety

Answer 12

anxiety disorders are very common 
often accompanies other challenges 
may be specific or general 
1. post-tramatic stress
2. phobias
3. OCD
4. major anxiety disorder

Question 13

exercise and anxiety disorder

Answer 13

smaller amount of research
available evidence suggests:
exercise better than control
physiological change

Question 14

dosage for anxiety

Answer 14

exercise intensity potentially important
panic attack
not supported by evidence
can safely complete high intensity exercise

Question 15

participants with anxiety disorder

Answer 15

8 weeks
walk-run
mild-stretching
intensity do not matter

Question 16

schizophernia

Answer 16

exercise can help with comorbidities

• anxiety
• depression
• obesity

Question 17

decrease in anxiety and depression

Answer 17

16 week of treadmill walking
very limited research to date
unclear how much can generalize

Question 18

how? anxiety

Answer 18

proposed mechanisms

• physiological
• psychosocial endorphins

Question 19

physiological anxiety

Answer 19

endorphins = natural opiates
positive emotions -no
reward mechanisms

Question 20

endorphins levels are not correlated with what

Answer 20

mood improvements
if you block endorphins = mixed support
I-> natural opiates

Question 21

monomine hypothesis

Answer 21

norepinehrine and dopemine.. seratonin

Question 22

endrophins may play role but

Answer 22

cannot be the only mechanism that improves mental health

exercise -> increased production, more sensitive receptors

Question 23

theromegenic hypothesis

Answer 23

logic that increased temp leads to neurological changes related to mood

Question 24

social and cognitive factors

Answer 24

social interaction
social support
self-mastery
achievement 
self-efficacy 
first three: phychosocial

Question 25

distraction hypothesis

Answer 25

PA takes you away from stresses at work and home
complex
multiple mechanisms
lots of on going research

Question 26

overtraining

Answer 26

5-10% overtrainign syndrome
physical and mental stress
clinical depression

Question 27

summary of PA and mental disorder

Answer 27

moderate exercise is beneficial
depression: similar response compared to meds
anxiety: meds may be more effective
exercise may be beneficial for reducing replase
adherence to exercise program tends to be higher than general pop
physiological and psychosocial explanations

Question 28

ideas for change

Answer 28

1. public policy and education that promotes health and PE
2. preventative medical servies
3. conveniet access to exercise
4. activity friendly built enviorment

Question 29

PA plan (national physical activity plan)

Answer 29

business and industry
education
health care
mass media
park, recreation, fitness, sports
public health
transportation, land use, community design
volunteer and non profit

Question 30

PA throughout school

Answer 30

opportunities for free play
lifelong activities
all ages

Question 31

PA promotion

Answer 31

PA promotion is an important public health approach

benefits of physical activity for physical and mental health