Chapter 14 Flashcards
cancer
- not one disease
- genetic and environmental
- varying contributions
fatal cancer
lung (29/26)
prostate (11)
breast (15)
colon/rectum (9)
colorectal
- more than 50 published studies
- multiple countries
what is the relative risk for colorectal cancer
0.76
what are the confidence intervals for colorectal cancer
0.72-0.81
what is the risk reduction for PA and coloreactal cancer
24%
rectal cancer relative risk
1.0 - no difference when physically active
relative risk between breast cancer and physical activity
0.81
what are the confidence intervals for breast cancer
0.73-0.89
what is the risk reduction for PA and breast cancer
20%
what is the relative risk for prostate cancer
0.9
is there a large or small effect between PA and prostate cancer
small
lung cancer
canadian study called ‘never smokers’
relative risk for lung cancer across all studies
0.7
what is the risk reduction for PA and lung cancer
30%
relative reducation for lung cancer for the canadian study
26-28%
how could PA decrease the risk of cancer
- reproductive hormone levels
- decrease body weight and adipose
- changes in insulin ( and related hormones)
- decrease inflammation
- decrease intestinal transit time
- enhanced immune function
PA and cancer survivors
- early data- reduced mortity colorectal and breast cancer
- mental health
- coping with treatment
difference between physical activity and physical fitness
- physical fitness can be measure
- physical activity is a behavior
which two aspects of physical fitness have been studied the most
-cardiovasular and muscoskeletal
how does PA help with type 2 diabetes
- tissues are better to metabolize glucose
- can be more effective than pharmacological treatment
- PA improves rate of complications, morbidity, realted to type 2 diabetes
6 types of evidence for PA and diabetes
- meta-analysis, systematic reviews, critical summaries
- randomized clinical trails
- cohort studies
- case-controlled studies
- case reports
- expect opinion
case control study
- participants are grouped based on the outcome of interest
- another group of similar participants are found
- the groups are compared for the variable of interest
cohort study
- participants are grouped based on their self-selected “exposure”
- followed for a period of time and assessed for the outcome of interest
