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Pers > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

cancer

A
  • not one disease
  • genetic and environmental
  • varying contributions
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2
Q

fatal cancer

A

lung (29/26)
prostate (11)
breast (15)
colon/rectum (9)

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3
Q

colorectal

A
  • more than 50 published studies

- multiple countries

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4
Q

what is the relative risk for colorectal cancer

A

0.76

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5
Q

what are the confidence intervals for colorectal cancer

A

0.72-0.81

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6
Q

what is the risk reduction for PA and coloreactal cancer

A

24%

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7
Q

rectal cancer relative risk

A

1.0 - no difference when physically active

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8
Q

relative risk between breast cancer and physical activity

A

0.81

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9
Q

what are the confidence intervals for breast cancer

A

0.73-0.89

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10
Q

what is the risk reduction for PA and breast cancer

A

20%

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11
Q

what is the relative risk for prostate cancer

A

0.9

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12
Q

is there a large or small effect between PA and prostate cancer

A

small

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13
Q

lung cancer

A

canadian study called ‘never smokers’

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14
Q

relative risk for lung cancer across all studies

A

0.7

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15
Q

what is the risk reduction for PA and lung cancer

A

30%

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16
Q

relative reducation for lung cancer for the canadian study

A

26-28%

17
Q

how could PA decrease the risk of cancer

A
  1. reproductive hormone levels
  2. decrease body weight and adipose
  3. changes in insulin ( and related hormones)
  4. decrease inflammation
  5. decrease intestinal transit time
  6. enhanced immune function
18
Q

PA and cancer survivors

A
  • early data- reduced mortity colorectal and breast cancer
  • mental health
  • coping with treatment
19
Q

difference between physical activity and physical fitness

A
  • physical fitness can be measure

- physical activity is a behavior

20
Q

which two aspects of physical fitness have been studied the most

A

-cardiovasular and muscoskeletal

21
Q

how does PA help with type 2 diabetes

A
  • tissues are better to metabolize glucose
  • can be more effective than pharmacological treatment
  • PA improves rate of complications, morbidity, realted to type 2 diabetes
22
Q

6 types of evidence for PA and diabetes

A
  1. meta-analysis, systematic reviews, critical summaries
  2. randomized clinical trails
  3. cohort studies
  4. case-controlled studies
  5. case reports
  6. expect opinion
23
Q

case control study

A
  • participants are grouped based on the outcome of interest
  • another group of similar participants are found
  • the groups are compared for the variable of interest
24
Q

cohort study

A
  • participants are grouped based on their self-selected “exposure”
  • followed for a period of time and assessed for the outcome of interest
25
Q

RCT

A
  • researchers “randomly” assign participants
  • they are assessed for change
  • potential problems

Pers (11 decks)

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