Chapter 17 Flashcards
Why did labor shortages in Eastern Europe lead to bondage for peasants?
After the Plague…
Lords still held the majority of the power, about equal to the Kings
Lords tied peasants to the land- called Serfdom
Lords sold the wheat, not the soon-to-be middle class merchants, therefore there was no big uprising
What was the first thing the Eastern Lords did to cope with labor shortages?
Tied the peasants to the lands
Serfdom- unpaid often
How was the growth of the Eastern middle class hindered?
Lords sold wheat and other goods to feed the west
How did the Austrian-Habsburgs control Bohemia?
Ferdinand II
-Battle of White Mountain- took Prague, Czech Protestants crushed and wiped out
-Shut down Protestant churches
-Gave Czech land to Catholic nobles (foreigners) who were loyal to the Habsburgs
Ferdinand III
-Permanent standing army
-Wants Hungary
What were the various factors that helped the Hungarians fight the Habsburgs?
Hungary was very unhappy and wanted to remain Protestant
Military alliance with Turkey
Nationalism
Want independence
Never fully accepted the Habsburg/Austrian rule
What was the Pragmatic Sanction?
Habsburg possessions are never to be divided- all under one King or QUEEN
How did Austria’s empire change after the siege on Vienna?
1683 Hungary is taken over Unite the area Siege by Turks -Ferd III pushes them back and takes them over
What was the structure of the Ottoman empire under Sultan Suleiman?
No nobles/lords Sultan owned all land Peasants protected so they ca afford tax Bureaucracy -Tax on all Christian boys- made Muslim, trained, educated, either put as an adviser or in the army (Janissary) Millets
What was a millet?
Ottoman Empire Religious communities -Self-governed by religious leaders -Had their own taxes and regulations -Maintain schools and courts Caused basic religious tolerance
How was Sultan Suleiman of the Ottoman Empire absolute?
Top of state- no one above him
Controls all land
What was the impact of the 30 Years’ War on Brandenburg-Prussia?
Swedes and Habsburgs had a long fight on their soil
-Destroy fields, scare people, destroy towns
The Great Elector moved to unite them
How did the Great Elector gain control of Brandenburg?
The ruler was his cousin and he inherited it when he died
What were the accomplishments of the Great Elector?
Wants to unite Brandenburg, Prussia, and other small areas
Gets Estates of Prussia and Brandenburg to tax people and eventually taxes without consent
Strong army
Junkers join army and swear loyalty for a tax break
What was the focus of Frederick William I?
The Soldiers' King Prussian Absolutism Best army in Europe for size -Tall people -Loved them so much- did not go to war - Called "Sparta of the North" Everything was extremely militaristic Junkers- officers- service nobility Peasants- serfs- harsh Strong central bureaucracy
How did the Russian princes oust the Mongols?
Indirect rule of the princes while the Mongols were out expanding. Gain power little by little. Ivan is the FIRST.
