Chapter 16

Question 1

What is divine right of Kings?

Answer 1

The belief that the kings rule by the right of God. Defying the King is like defying God.

Question 2

Sovereignty?

Answer 2

Supreme power
Boundaries
Development of a country

Question 3

What is totalitarian?

Answer 3

Total control over everything (thoughts, beliefs, ideas). Impossible in the 1600s due to lack of media and technology

Question 4

What is absolutism?

Answer 4

Divine right of Kings
Control competition (nobles)
Control finances
Permanent standing army
-Ensure boundaries
Make laws

Question 5

What was Cardinal Richelieu’s goal?

Answer 5

French

Control the nobility in order to place King Louis XIII under more absolute control

Question 6

Who was the adviser to Louis XIII?

Answer 6

French

Cardinal Richelieu

Question 7

Who was the adviser to Henry IV?

Answer 7

French

Sully

Question 8

Who was the adviser to Louis XIV?

Answer 8

France

Colbert

Question 9

What were the various ways Cardinal Richelieu achieved his goal?

Answer 9

France
Nobility- level castles, reshuffle the royal council, executions
Edict of Nantes changed-
-Took away political and military from Huguenots
-Put them under French law
Administrative changes-
-Intendants- Middle class bureaucrats, like a governor, perform financial, judicial, and political tax, communicate and carry out orders from local to Paris
-32 generalties
-Overall- limited the nobility and raised the middle class

Question 10

What was Richelieu’s foreign policy?

Answer 10

France
30 Years’ War
-Want to limit the surrounding Habsburg power
French Academy
-dictionary to nationalize the French language
Expansion
Mercantilism (though this is more Colbert)

Question 11

What are the traits of French classicism?

Answer 11

In the time of Louis XIV

• Imitate classic antiquity (resemble Italian Renaissance)
• Discipline, balance, and restraint
• Regal

Question 12

What was Versailles?

Answer 12

France
Louis XIV
Grand building of style and ritual
Town/palace where influential noble families are required to stay for at least part of the year
Louis can spy on them and watch them
Whole palace represents his magnificent power

Question 13

What were the weaknesses of Louis XIV’s financial system?

Answer 13

Lack of money and taxes
Love for war
Tax farming- charge more than supposed to then pocket the extra money
Keep spending on credit
Hard tax on peasants due to tax exemptions
Versailles is expensive to keep up with

Question 14

What caused the 1688-1694 economic crisis and starvation in France?

Answer 14

Louis XIV
Bad weather causes a ripple effect-
-Bad harvest
-Inflation
-Starvation
-Disease
-Depopulation
-Lack of labor

Question 15

What were the outcomes of the Peace of Utrecht?

Answer 15

Ends the War of the Spanish Succession
Philip V- king of Spain
Spain and France may never unite
France surrenders land to England
-Nova Scotia, New Newfoundland, Hudson Bay area

Question 16

What was the War of the Spanish Succession?

Answer 16

Previous agreement
-When Spanish King, Charles II, dies he will divide up he land
When he dies
-In his will it says that Philip, the grandson of Louis XIV, will get the entirety of Spain
The Grand Alliance
-England, Dutch, Austria, Prussian
-Didn’t want France to become too powerful
WAR

Question 17

Explain Mercantilism.

Answer 17

Definition- The theory of economics in which wealth is equal to power rather than land; Collection of government policies for the regulation of economic activities
Key elements
-Exports greater than imports
-self-sufficient
-resources- gold, colonizing, limited
-Tariffs to eliminate competition
-Industry- rise of the Middle class, system of regulation and inspection, privileges of workers, encourage foreign craftsmen to come, canals, roads, and marine trade

Question 18

Why did the power of Spain decline in the 1600s?

Answer 18

Lack of Middle class
-They had been Protestants, who had been wiped out in the inquisition
-Or they had left to America
Dutch and English trade with Spanish colonies
Slaves sick
Bankruptcy
-Couldn’t compete in the market
-Aristocrats raised rents- peasants leave, hurt agriculture
Sucked into 30 Years’ War
Lack the money/will to reform

Question 19

Explain the structure of the Dutch Republic.

Answer 19

7 independent provinces
"Weak union of strong provinces"
States General- federal assembly
- foreign affairs
- for each province/Estate/regent 
Stadholder
-Head of States General
-Keep order, head of defense, ceremonies
Decline-
-War of Spanish Succession drains them

Question 20

Why was the Dutch East India Company important to the Dutch?

Answer 20

Joint stock company
Huge profit and wealth
Shipping

Question 21

Who was Glukel?

Answer 21

1700s
Jewish
Expelled from cities

Question 22

What was the English parliaments’ reaction to James I?

Answer 22

Scottish- dislike and distrust

Very different from Elizabeth

Question 23

How did the English Parliament try to curb Charles I?

Answer 23

Charles I had been spending lots of money on ships
Parliament disliked his spending
Won’t give him money to go to war against Scotland
Charles dissolves them
Eventually…
Triennial Act- summon Parliament at least every three years
Petition of Right- limit the King

Question 24

Who are Puritans?

Answer 24

They were very similar to Calvinists, but the major difference was that they did not have a theocracy
England-
-Want to purify the Anglicans
-Occupy the House of Commons
-Middle class
-Want money to match power
-Civil war ends with Puritan leader Cromwell

Question 25

Explain the English Civil War.

Answer 25

The Set up-

• The House of Commons was the middle class Puritans who wanted power to match their wealth
• The House of Lords was the Anglican nobility loyal to the King and his power
• Cromwell- Roundhead Puritan

Question 26

How did Cromwell change things in England?

Answer 26

Attempts a constitution, but fails
Commonwealth- military dictatorship 
-Cromwell- Lord Protector
Everything turns Puritan and strict
-Close Globe Theater, no Christmas, no parties
Irish 
-anti-catholic killings
-development of hatred towards England
Navigation Acts-
-English goods should be shipped on English ships
-Good
-Money circulates in England

Question 27

What year was the Navigation Acts?

Answer 27

1651- England

Question 28

Did the English like Cromwell?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

What was the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 29

England
Bloodless
England doesn't want a Catholic king
-Parliament asks James II and family to leave
Mary and William come in
-Admit Parliament's supremacy
Result- sovereignty of Parliament

Question 30

What was the English Bill of Rights?

Answer 30

Limit- King and royalty
Power- to the Parliament
Laws made by Parliament- No Crown Suspension
Meet every three years
Election and debate without interference of the crown
Judges are independent
No army in peace

Question 31

Who wrote the Second Treatise of Civil Government?

Answer 31

John Locke

Question 32

What did the Second Treatise of Civil Government say?

Answer 32

Government protects rights to life, liberty, and property

Government is by the people

Question 33

Who wrote Leviathan?

Answer 33

Hobbes

Question 34

What did Hobbes believe in?

Answer 34

People give the ruler the right to practice

No divine right, but still monarch