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PSYC 2235 - Lifespan Development > Chapter 17/18 - Late Adulthood > Flashcards

Chapter 17/18 - Late Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

Define gerontology

A

-the scientific study of aging

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2
Q

What are the ages of late adulthood?

A

-60-65:
-young old (60-75)
-old old (75-85)
-oldest old (85 and up)

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3
Q

Women are expected to live only _ years longer than men now.

A

-4 years

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4
Q

Define senescence

A

-the gradual physical deterioration associated with aging

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5
Q

What is the hayflick limit?

A

-cells do not have unlimited capacity to replicate themselves resulting in a genetically programmed time limit for each species

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6
Q

Most adult cells lack _______ to restore telomeres so they _______ with cell division.

A

-telomerase; shorten

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7
Q

Compare the chronological clock to the epigenetic clock.

A

-a person’s age in years
-a measure of biological aging based on DNA methylation levels

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8
Q

What is the largest factor in determining the trajectory of an adult’s physical or mental status beyond age 65?

A

-health

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9
Q

How does an optimistic outlook benefit seniors?

A
  • It helps them recover better from illnesses like stroke
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10
Q

What amount of older adults over 65 in Canada report their health as good or excellent?

A

-a substantial amount

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11
Q

What is functional status?

A

-e measure of an individuals ability to perform certain roles and tasks, particularly self-help tasks and other chores of daily living

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12
Q

What two concepts fall under function status?

A

-basic activities of daily living
-instrumental activities of daily living

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13
Q

What are basic activities of daily living?

A

-s4elf-help tasks such as bathing, dressing, using the toilet

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14
Q

What are instrumental activities of daily living?

A

-more complex daily living tasks such as doing household chores, cooking, managing money

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15
Q

Having these 5 risk factors was associated with a 20-year life expectancy difference compared to those who had none.

A

-smoking, low physical activity, poor diet, alcohol, stress

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16
Q

A decline in physical and cognitive function can be modified through _______.

A

-exercise

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17
Q

A key change in the brain that occurs during late adulthood is a decline in the _____ of (useful) ________.

A

-density; dendrites

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18
Q

A loss of dendrites occurs less in those with ________ and result in a slower ________ ____.

A

-more education; reaction time

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19
Q

In late adulthood, presbyopia (farsightedness) __________?

A

-increases

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20
Q

Older adults tend to experience presbycusis which is what?

A

-loss of hearing

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21
Q

There is a ______ of the proximodistal pattern of growth.

A

-reversal

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22
Q

Does taste decline as well as smell in late adulthood?

A

-taste no but smell yes

23
Q

Define dementia.

A

-a neurological disorder involving problems with memory and thinking that affect an individual’s emotional, social and physical functioning

24
Q

_% of those over 65 show significant symptoms of dementia and _% of those over 85 show moderate to severe symptoms.

A

-7%; 25%

25
Q

What is the leading cause of placement in long term care of the elderly in Canada? Especially women?

A

-dementia

26
Q

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

A

-severe form of dimentia

27
Q

What might slow down Alzheimers?

A

-medication to increase neurotransmitters and regular physical activity

28
Q

What have several studies shown for rate of depression for people as they age into late adulthood?

A

-rates decline, though this may be more complicated to measure

29
Q

What is the strongest predictor of depression for late adulthood?

A

-health status

30
Q

When do cognitive abilities really start to decline?

A

-old-old and oldest-old

31
Q

The more a task makes demands on working memory, the _____ the ____ with age.

A

-larger; decline

32
Q

Does the learning process or strategy learning show a difference for older adults?

A

-when allowed more time, older adults performance was more similar to younger participants

33
Q

Describe older adults ability for everyday memory.

A

-on most everyday tasks, older adults recall less than younger adults

34
Q

Define wisdom

A

-accumulated knowledge and ability to apply that knowledge to practical problems of living

35
Q

How is wisdom measured?

A

-based on solutions to life problems

36
Q

Describe Erikson’s stage for older adults.

A

-ego integrity vs. despair stage

37
Q

What is the ego integrity vs despair stage?

A

-older adults must achieve a sense of satisfaction with their lives versus despair that it is too late to make changes before death

38
Q

What is reminiscence?

A

-reflecting on past experiences

39
Q

What is a life review?

A

-An evaluative process where older adults reflect on and make judgments about their past behavior.

40
Q

How is life review related to Erikson’s theory?

A
  • It ties into Erikson’s quest for generativity—finding meaning and purpose through contributions to others.
41
Q

What is activity theory?

A

-it is healthy for adults to remain as active as possible for as long as possible

42
Q

What is disengagement theory?

A

-it is normal for older adults to scale down their social lives

43
Q

Describe three concepts associated with disengagement theory. (3)

A

-shrinkage of life space
-increased individuality
-acceptance of these changes

44
Q

What is shrinkage of life space?

A

-interact with fewer people, fewer roles

45
Q

What is increased individuality?

A

-less governed by expectations

46
Q

What is continuity theory?

A

-continue to engage in similar activities of interest but adapt these to any limitations imposed by physical aging

47
Q

What components form the successful aging paradigm?

A

-physical health
-mental activity
-social engagement
-involvement in productive activities
-sense of life satisfaction

48
Q

Describe physical health under the successful aging paradigm.

A

-includes not only health habits but also willingness to engage in rehabilitation and response to health crisis

49
Q

What is cognitive adventurousness?

A

-willingness to learn new things

50
Q

What is a major critique of the successful aging paradigm?

A

-may give the impression that all aspects of aging are under one’s control

51
Q

Define religious coping mechanisms

A

-turning to religious beliefs for support

52
Q

What is equifinality?

A

-when you start out at different places but end up walking a similar path

53
Q

What is multifinality?

A

-when you start from the same place but multiple paths lead to different outcomes

54
Q
A

PSYC 2235 - Lifespan Development (15 decks)

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