Chapter 14 - Early Adulthood Developmental Changes Flashcards
Early adulthood is when _____ are expanding.
-roles
What are Roisman’s 5 domains developmental tasks fall into? (5)
-academic
-friendship
-conduct (following rules)
-work
-romantic
_____ and ___________ relationships are associated with the most adjustment difficulties in emerging adulthood.
-work; romantic
What are Levinson’s life structures? Example (2)
-the structures that exist within our life, adulthood is a balance of stability and instability,
-for example marriage requires a new life structure
Define intimacy
-the capacity to engage in a supportive, affectionate relationship without losing one’s sense of self
What conflict does Erikson say occurs in early adulthood (18-40 years)?
-intimacy vs. isolation
What does successful resolution of intimacy vs. isolation look like? How about if it doesn’t occur? (2)
-Successfully developing intimacy leads to strong connections and a sense of belonging.
-Failing to do so may result in feelings of loneliness, isolation, and fear of commitment.
Differences with respect to intimacy may pose challenges. Research suggest many women see _____________ as essential to intimacy/
-self-disclosure
What is the parental investment theory?
-mate selection is based on different investments in childrearing
Define social role theory
-sex differences become different gender roles
What is assortative mating (homogamy)?
-we pick people similar to ourselves
Describe the neuroscience view of human attachment.
-parent-child and romantic couple bonds share much of the same neural architecture and physiology (even close friends too)
The average age for someone’s first marriage in Canada has _________.
-increased
An increasingly high proportion of 20-34 year olds are now living ______, with ________, with _______________, or with their _________.
-alone, roommates, relatives, parents
What psychological factors are important for predicting the quality of relationships? (4)
-attachment
-personality traits
-love
-conflict management
Sternberg suggests 3 key components of love: _________, _________, and ___________ and these create 7 sub-varieties of love.
-intimacy, passion, commitment
Consumate love includes?
-intimacy, commitment and passion
What is companionate love?
-intimacy, commitment
Conflict management: how a couple manages ______ is a key predictor of ______________ _______.
-conflict; relationship quality
Couples with stable or enduring marriages have a higher ratio of __________ to _________ interactions.
-positive; negative
What are the 3 styles of relationships according to Gottman that are more positive? (3)
-validating
-volatile
-avoidant
What is validating?
-mutual respect in disagreements; good listeners
What is a volatile relationship?
-argue and disagree but have a balance of positive interactions
What is an avoidant relationship?
-minimize conflict; agree to disagree
What are the two types of relationships that predicted unsuccessful marriages according to Gottman?
-hostile/engaged and hostile/detatched
What is hostile/engaged?
-frequent arguments but little humour and affection
What is hostile/detached?
-rarely look at each other and lack affection/support
What is a significant predictor of negative relationship quality?
-contempt
Living together before marriage is often seen as a way to test compatibility. Research shows it is linked to ______ marital satisfaction and a divorce rate __________.
-lower; divorce rate twice as high
Why do people that live together before marriage have worse outcomes for their marriage? (2)
-Nature of the relationship (cohabitation may be viewed as more
ambiguous)
-Nature of the individuals (typically less homogamous)
What are the three patterns of attachment for single hood?
-avoidance, anxiety, security
Define avoidance in terms of single hood.
-uncomfortable with anxiety
Define anxiety in terms of single hood attachments.
-distress when attachment needs not met
Define security in terms of single hood and attachments.
-they choose to be single and close friends are important
Self-affirmation that one chooses to stay single may _______ against some of the _______ aspects of single hood.
-help protect; negative
_____% of 20-34 year olds report they don’t expect to have children?
6-9%
During parenthood, marital satisfaction tends to _______ and problems that existed prior to parenthood typically ________.
-decline; intensify
___________ fluctuates less over time for childless couples.
-marital satisfaction
________ and _________ remain significant parts of the young adults life.
-parents; family members
