Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy II > Chapter 16: Sense Organs > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Sense Organs Flashcards

1
Q

sensory receptors

A

structure is specialized to detect a stimulus, some are bare nerve endings and others are true sense organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the electrical signal on a nerve?

A

action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of energy is the output energy of cell receptors?

A

electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

transduction

A

conversion of one form of energy to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

receptor potential

A

small local electrical charge on a receptor cell brought by an initial stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sensation

A

a subjective awareness of the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the somatosensory projection pathways?

A
  1. First Order neurons- from body, enter dorsal horn of spinal cord via spinal nerves
  2. Second order neurons- decussation to opposite side in spinal cord, ends in thalamus
  3. third order neurons- thalamus to primary somesthetic cortex of cerebellum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

modality

A

type of stimulus of the sensation it produces
-vision, hearing, taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

location

A

encoded by which nerve fibers are issuing signals to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

receptive field

A

area that detects stimuli for a sensory neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

intensity

A

encoded in 3 ways:which fibers are sending signals, how many fibers are doing so, and how fast these fibers are firing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

duration

A

how long the stimulus lasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sensory adaptation

A

if stimulus is prolonged, the firing of the neuron gets slower over time and we become less aware of the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

phasic receptor

A

generate a burst of action potentials when first stimulated , then quickly adapt and sharply reduce or stop signaling even though stimulus continues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tonic receptor

A

adapt slowly and generate nerve signals more steadily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fast pain

A

myelinated fibers
-sharp localized stabbing pain perceived w/ injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

slow pain

A

-unmyelinated fibers
-longer lasting dull feeling
-somatic pain arises from skin
-visceral pain from stretch, chemical irritants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

endogenous opioids

A

produced by CNS under stress, found in dorsal horn of spinal cord, acts as neuromodulators blocking the transmission of pain
-enkephalinm, endorphins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gustation

A

sensation of taste resulting from the action of chemicals in the taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

filiforms

A

no taste buds and important for texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

foliate

A

no taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fungiform

A

at rear of tongue and contain 1/2 of taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

basal cells

A

stem cells that replace taste cells every 7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

supporting cells

A

resemble took cells w/o taste hairs, synaptic vesicles, or sensory roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What sense has the only neurons in the body directly exposed to the external environment?

A

the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the only sense that can bypass the thalamus and go straight to the cerebral cortex?

A

the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

outer ear

A

includes auricle and external auditory meatus, ends at eardrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

middle ear

A

air-filled space containing auditory ossicles
has oval window and auditory tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

inner ear

A

passageways in temporal bone, filled with perilymph and houses the vestibule, semicircular canals, and the cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

parts of the external ear

A

auricle/pinna
external auditory meatus
tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

auricle/pinna

A

elastic cartilage covered w/ skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

external auditory meatus

A

lined with hairs and ceruminous glands
produce cerumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

tympanic membrane

A

sound waves cause it to vibrate
border between external and middle ear
-eardrum

34
Q

oval window

A

connection between middle ear and inner ear

35
Q

auditory tube

A

equalizes pressure

36
Q

ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes

37
Q

inner ear

A

passageways in temporal bone
filled w/ perilymph
-include the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

38
Q

vestibule

A

contains saccule and utrile

39
Q

saccule

A

continuous with cochlear duct
-located in vestibule

40
Q

utricle

A

continuous with semicircular canals

41
Q

semicircular canals

A

line each canal and communicate with the utricle

42
Q

cochlea

A

the three parts are scala vestibuli, scala media, and scala tympani

43
Q

scala vestibuli

A

abuts the oval window and contains perilymph

44
Q

scala media

A

contains endolymph and cochlear duct

45
Q

scala tympani

A

terminates at the round window and contains perilymph

46
Q

sound

A

any audible vibration of molecules, vibrating object pushes air molecules into eardrum

47
Q

frequency

A

how fast sound waves occur

48
Q

amplitude

A

the size of sound waves, loudness

49
Q

Which membrane vibrates with sound?

A

basilar membrane

50
Q

Pathway of Sound

A

sound travels through the auditory canal and hits the tympanic membrane, goes to the malleus where it vibrates the incus, the incus vibrates the stapes which lies on the oval window,

the scala vestibule and the perilymph vibrates the basilar membrane and the pressure of the fluid is relieved by the round window

51
Q

conduction deafness

A

blocked sound conduction to the fluid of the internal ear

52
Q

sensorineural deafness

A

damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells

53
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing or clicking sound in the ear in the absence of auditory stimulus

54
Q

static equilibrium

A

perception of head orientation

55
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

perception of motion or acceleration

56
Q

What mechanism perceives linear acceleration?

A

the macula

57
Q

What mechanism perceives angular acceleration?

A

crista

58
Q

crista ampullaris

A

sensory organ of rotation

59
Q

What mechanism perceives nearly half of all visual info?

A

cerebral cortex

60
Q

palpebral fissue

A

separates eyelids

61
Q

lacrimal caruncle

A

contains oil and sweat glands

62
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers anterior surface of eyeball

63
Q

What are the 3 layers of the wall of the eyeball?

A

fibrous, vascular, sensory

64
Q

fibrous layer/tunica fibrosa

A

contains sclera and cornea

65
Q

vascular layer/tunica vasculosa

A

contains choroid, ciliary body, and iris

66
Q

sensory layer/tunica interna

A

contains retina and optic nerve

67
Q

sclera

A

protects and shapes eyeball

68
Q

cornea

A

bends light as it enters the eye and contains numerous pain receptors

69
Q

choroid region

A

supplies blood to all layers of the eyeball

70
Q

ciliary body

A

holds lens shape and suspensory ligaments holds lens in place

71
Q

iris

A

colored part of the eye, has pupil which regulates the amount of light

72
Q

retina

A

contains rods and cones

73
Q

rods

A

responsible for black and white, night vision

74
Q

cones

A

photopic and day vision

75
Q

optic disc

A

has no receptor cells and called the blind spot

76
Q

refraction

A

bending of light rays

77
Q

emmetropia

A

eyes relaxed and focused on distant object receive parallel light waves and focus w/o effort

78
Q

near response

A

focus on object closer

79
Q

myopia

A

nearsighted

80
Q

myopia

A

nearsighted

81
Q

hyperopia

A

farsighted

Anatomy II (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions