Chapter 16-Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
emphysema
A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation.
continuous positive airway pressure
Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of out of the alveoli.
vesicular breath sounds
Irritation of the major lung passageways from long-term exposure to infectious disease or irritants such as smoke.
chronic bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus
bronchiolitis
An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity
pneumothorax
Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways.
rhonchi
The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.
respiration
Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs.
atelextasis
An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.
anaphylaxis
An odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion.
carbon monoxide
A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.
metered/dose inhaler
An allergic response, usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pulled or sometimes indoor allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also canned allergic rhinj
hay fever
A respiratory disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2.
The virus is a coronavirus, similar to the one that causes the coming cold.
COVID-19
A buildup of fluid in the lungs , often as a result of congestive heart failure.
pulmonary edema
Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.
adventitious breath sounds
A lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
An outbreak that occurs on a global scale.
pandemic
A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide.
carbon dioxide retention
A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope.
stridor
The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs.
oxygenation
Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi.
bronchial breath sounds
A viral inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children.
croup
Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain.
influenza type A
A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions such as asthma.
small-volume nebulizer
A bacterial infection in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction
epiglottis
A high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration, and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.
wheezing
An infectious disease in which a pseudomembrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.
diphtheria
The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that can result from a primary illness.
acidosis
An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a “whoop” sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection.
pertussis
Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura.
pleuritic chest pain
A chronic bacterial disease, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys it is spread by cough and can lie dormant in a person’s lungs for decades and then reactivate.
tuberculosis
Severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up.
orthopnea
Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal; may lead to increased intrathoracic pressure, decreased venous return, and hypotension when associated with bag-mask device use.
hyperventilation
This syndrome occurs in the absence of physical problems. The respirations of a person who is expertise syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min.
It is often associated with panic attacks.
hyperventilation syndrome
A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung.
pleural effusion
An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue.
pneumonia
Deficient oxygen concentration in the tissues.
hypoxia
A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia . RSV is highly contagious and spread through droplets.
respiratory syncytial virus
A condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung diseases.
hypoxic drive
A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage of blood flow.
embolus
A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.
pulmonary embolism
Severe shortness of breath, especially after night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe.
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
dyspnea
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and , depending on its cause, sometimes fever.
bronchitis
Cracking, rattling breath sounds that signal fluid in the air spaces of the lungs.
crackles
The exchange of air between the lungs and the environment; occurs spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT.
ventilation
A substance that causes an allergic reaction.
allergen
An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles , associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages.
asthma
The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids.
alkalosis
