Chapter 13- Shock

Question 1

A swelling or enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall.

Answer 1

aneurysm

Question 2

A balance of all systems of the body.

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.

Answer 3

autonomic nervous system

Question 4

A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.

Answer 4

distributive shock

Question 5

Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope).

Answer 5

psychogenic shock

Question 6

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion.

Answer 6

shock

Question 7

Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction.

Answer 7

sensitization

Question 8

The force of resistance against which the heart pumps.

Answer 8

afterload

Question 9

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.

Answer 9

neurogenic shock

Question 10

An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

Answer 10

anaphylaxis

Question 11

The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling.

Answer 11

decompensated shock

Question 12

A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood. Although paleness, or a decrease in blood flow, can be difficult to detect in dark-skinned people, it may be observed by examining mucous membranes inside the inner lower eyelid and capillary refill. On general observation, the patient may appear ashen or gray.

Answer 12

cyanosis

Question 13

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.

Answer 13

pulmonary embolism

Question 14

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees F (35 degrees C).

Answer 14

hypothermia

Question 15

Loss of water from the tissues of the body.

Answer 15

dehydration

Question 16

Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues.

Answer 16

obstructive shock

Question 17

A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal IT external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion.

Answer 17

hypovolemic shock

Question 18

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness.

Answer 18

syncope

Question 19

The ability of the heart muscle to contract.

Answer 19

Myocardial contractility

Question 20

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels.

Answer 20

perfusion

Question 21

Muscle that encircles and, by contracting, constricts duct, tube, or opening. Examples are found working within the rectum, bladder, and blood vessels.

Answer 21

sphincters

Question 22

The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss.

Answer 22

compensated shock

Question 23

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up.

Answer 23

preload

Question 24

Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction.

Answer 24

anaphylactic shock

Question 25

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.

Answer 25

cardiogenic shock

Question 26

Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.

Answer 26

septic shock

Question 27

A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium.

Answer 27

pericardial effusion

Question 28

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.

Answer 28

cardiac tamponade

Question 29

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area.

Answer 29

edema

Question 30

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.

Answer 30

pulse pressure