Chapter 13- Shock Flashcards
A swelling or enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall.
aneurysm
A balance of all systems of the body.
homeostasis
The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.
autonomic nervous system
A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.
distributive shock
Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope).
psychogenic shock
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion.
shock
Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction.
sensitization
The force of resistance against which the heart pumps.
afterload
Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
neurogenic shock
An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.
anaphylaxis
The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling.
decompensated shock
A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood. Although paleness, or a decrease in blood flow, can be difficult to detect in dark-skinned people, it may be observed by examining mucous membranes inside the inner lower eyelid and capillary refill. On general observation, the patient may appear ashen or gray.
cyanosis
A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.
pulmonary embolism
A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees F (35 degrees C).
hypothermia
Loss of water from the tissues of the body.
dehydration
Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues.
obstructive shock
A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal IT external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion.
hypovolemic shock
A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness.
syncope
The ability of the heart muscle to contract.
Myocardial contractility
The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels.
perfusion
Muscle that encircles and, by contracting, constricts duct, tube, or opening. Examples are found working within the rectum, bladder, and blood vessels.
sphincters
The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss.
compensated shock
The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up.
preload
Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction.
anaphylactic shock
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.
cardiogenic shock
Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
septic shock
A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium.
pericardial effusion
Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.
cardiac tamponade
The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area.
edema
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.
pulse pressure
