Chapter 12- Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

A medication used to treat infections caused by a fungus.

Answer 1

antifungal

Question 2

When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication.

Answer 2

patient-assisted medication

Question 3

Actions that can be harmful to the patient.

Answer 3

untoward effects

Question 4

An injection into the bone; a medication delivery route.

Answer 4

intraosseous injection

Question 5

The amount of time that clinical effects of a medication last.

Answer 5

duration

Question 6

Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.

Answer 6

enteral medications

Question 7

A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without it.

Answer 7

oxygen

Question 8

The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient’s size and age.

Answer 8

dose

Question 9

Administration of a medication by the EMT directly to the patient.

Answer 9

EMT-administered medication

Question 10

The process of removing a medication or chemical from within the body.

Answer 10

elimination

Question 11

A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing blood vessels to dilate; EMTs may be allowed to assist the patient to self-administer the medication.

Answer 11

nitroglycerin

Question 12

The study of the properties and effects of medications.

Answer 12

pharmacology

Question 13

An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route.

Answer 13

intramuscular injection

Question 14

A medication used to treat infections caused by a bacterium.

Answer 14

antibiotic

Question 15

A medication that impairs the ability of blood to clot.

Answer 15

anticoagulant

Question 16

The amount of time from the administration of a medication to the onset of clinical effects.

Answer 16

onset of action

Question 17

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.

Answer 17

metered-dose inhaler

Question 18

The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body.

Answer 18

action

Question 19

When the EMT administers medication to himself or herself or to a partner.

Answer 19

peer-assisted medication

Question 20

Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surface of the skin and affect only that area; a medication delivery route.

Answer 20

topical medications

Question 21

Medications that that treat or reduce a fever.

Answer 21

antipyretics

Question 22

The use of multiple medications on a regular basis.

Answer 22

polypharmacy

Question 23

A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation) , and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping)

Answer 23

aspirin

Question 24

An injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route.

Answer 24

intravenous injection

Question 25

Through the mouth; a medication delivery route; same as oral.

Answer 25

per os

Question 26

Through the rectum; a medication delivery route.

Answer 26

per rectum

Question 27

The active, muscular part of breathing that draws air into the airway and lungs; a medication delivery route.

Answer 27

inhalation

Question 28

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.

Answer 28

absorption

Question 29

A medication that prevents blood platelets from clumping or sticking together.

Answer 29

antiplatelet

Question 30

A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand.

Answer 30

solution

Question 31

The processes that the body performs on a medication, including how it is absorbed, distributed, possibly changed, and eliminated.

Answer 31

pharmacokinetics

Question 32

The point or period when the maximum clinical effect of a drug is achieved.

Answer 32

peak

Question 33

A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes.

Answer 33

gel

Question 34

Injection into the fatty tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route.

Answer 34

subcutaneous injection

Question 35

A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit.

Answer 35

oral glucose

Question 36

Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucus membranes.

Answer 36

parenteral medications

Question 37

Medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription.

Answer 37

over-the-counter medication

Question 38

A medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchiole tree; a substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction.

Answer 38

epinephrine

Question 39

Any unwanted clinical results of a medication.

Answer 39

adverse effects

Question 40

A substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain.

Answer 40

medication

Question 41

The therapeutic uses for a specific medication.

Answer 41

indications

Question 42

The desired or intended effect a medication is expected to have on the body.

Answer 42

therapeutic effect

Question 43

A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications.

Answer 43

antagonist

Question 44

Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient.

Answer 44

unintended effects

Question 45

The process by which a medication works in the body.

Answer 45

pharmacodynamics

Question 46

Under the tongue; a medication delivery route.

Answer 46

sublingual

Question 47

A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the naris.

Answer 47

intranasal

Question 48

By mouth; a medication delivery route.

Answer 48

oral

Question 49

A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.

Answer 49

agonist

Question 50

A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into a nostril.

Answer 50

mucosal atomizer device

Question 51

Medications that are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician’s order.

Answer 51

prescription medications

Question 52

Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help, or may actually harm, a patient.

Answer 52

contraindications

Question 53

Through the skin; a medication delivery route.

Answer 53

transcutaneous

Question 54

The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast to one of its proprietary or trade names); the name is not capitalized.

Answer 54

generic name

Question 55

Inappropriate use of a medication that could lead to patients harm.

Answer 55

medication error

Question 56

A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve.

Answer 56

suspension

Question 57

The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.

Answer 57

trade name

Question 58

An abnormally low blood glucose level.

Answer 58

hypoglycemia