Chapter 12- Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards
A medication used to treat infections caused by a fungus.
antifungal
When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication.
patient-assisted medication
Actions that can be harmful to the patient.
untoward effects
An injection into the bone; a medication delivery route.
intraosseous injection
The amount of time that clinical effects of a medication last.
duration
Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.
enteral medications
A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without it.
oxygen
The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient’s size and age.
dose
Administration of a medication by the EMT directly to the patient.
EMT-administered medication
The process of removing a medication or chemical from within the body.
elimination
A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing blood vessels to dilate; EMTs may be allowed to assist the patient to self-administer the medication.
nitroglycerin
The study of the properties and effects of medications.
pharmacology
An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route.
intramuscular injection
A medication used to treat infections caused by a bacterium.
antibiotic
A medication that impairs the ability of blood to clot.
anticoagulant
The amount of time from the administration of a medication to the onset of clinical effects.
onset of action
A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.
metered-dose inhaler
The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body.
action
When the EMT administers medication to himself or herself or to a partner.
peer-assisted medication
Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surface of the skin and affect only that area; a medication delivery route.
topical medications
Medications that that treat or reduce a fever.
antipyretics
The use of multiple medications on a regular basis.
polypharmacy
A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation) , and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping)
aspirin
An injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route.
intravenous injection
Through the mouth; a medication delivery route; same as oral.
per os
Through the rectum; a medication delivery route.
per rectum
The active, muscular part of breathing that draws air into the airway and lungs; a medication delivery route.
inhalation
The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.
absorption
A medication that prevents blood platelets from clumping or sticking together.
antiplatelet
A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand.
solution
The processes that the body performs on a medication, including how it is absorbed, distributed, possibly changed, and eliminated.
pharmacokinetics
The point or period when the maximum clinical effect of a drug is achieved.
peak
A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes.
gel
Injection into the fatty tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route.
subcutaneous injection
A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit.
oral glucose
Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucus membranes.
parenteral medications
Medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription.
over-the-counter medication
A medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchiole tree; a substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction.
epinephrine
Any unwanted clinical results of a medication.
adverse effects
A substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain.
medication
The therapeutic uses for a specific medication.
indications
The desired or intended effect a medication is expected to have on the body.
therapeutic effect
A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications.
antagonist
Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient.
unintended effects
The process by which a medication works in the body.
pharmacodynamics
Under the tongue; a medication delivery route.
sublingual
A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the naris.
intranasal
By mouth; a medication delivery route.
oral
A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.
agonist
A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into a nostril.
mucosal atomizer device
Medications that are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician’s order.
prescription medications
Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help, or may actually harm, a patient.
contraindications
Through the skin; a medication delivery route.
transcutaneous
The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast to one of its proprietary or trade names); the name is not capitalized.
generic name
Inappropriate use of a medication that could lead to patients harm.
medication error
A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve.
suspension
The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.
trade name
An abnormally low blood glucose level.
hypoglycemia
