Chapter 16 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards
what three criteria underlie judgements that behaviour is abnormal
1) distressing
2) dysfunctional
3) deviant
what does it mean if a behaviour is deviant?
violates social norms
abnormal behaviour
behaviour that is personally distressing, personally dysfunctional, and/or so culturally deviant that other people judge it to be inappropriate/maladaptive
general paresis
A disorder characterized in its advanced stages by mental deterioration and bizarre behavior, resulted from massive brain deterioration caused by syphilis
vulnerability – stress model
each of us has some degree of all mobility for developing a psychological disorder, given sufficient stress
what factors contribute to vulnerability?
genetics
Personality
Environment
Culture
what is meant by reliability of diagnostic classification systems
clinicians using the system should show high levels of agreement in their diagnostic decisions
what is meant by validity of diagnostic classification systems
The diagnostic categories should accurately capture the essential features of the various disorders
what was the DSM 4
A categorical system
People were placed in specific diagnostic categories
cons of the DSM-IV
The criteria are so specific that many people don’t fit into any categories
people who receive the same diagnosis may share only certain symptoms but look very different from one another
Doesn’t provide a way of capturing the severity of the disorder
dimensional system
relevant behaviours are rated along a severity measure
why is severity of the behaviour important?
people without OCD can be conscientious, but people with OCD are extremely, maladaptivly conscientious
thus, it doesn’t make sense to make conscientiousness a criteria for OCD, but it does make sense to make the severity of it a criteria
what is the DSM-V
The new method of categorization
Diagnostic categories are retained, but dimensional skills have been added
social and personal implications of diagnostic labelling
we might start to see the label as describing the individual, rather than describing the behavior
we all have preconceptions of how they’ll act, can’t judge behaviour objectively
competency
A defendants state of mind at the time of the judicial hearing
insanity
The presumed state of mind of the defendant at the time the crime was committed
T/F insanity is a legal term, not a psychological one
True
what is the current burden of proof in insanity hearings, and what did it use to be
currently, the defence has to prove that the defendant was insane
before, the prosecution had to prove that the defendant wasn’t insane
anxiety disorders
frequency/intensity of anxiety responses are out of proportion to the situations that trigger them
Anxiety interferes with daily life
four components of anxiety
subjective – emotional
Cognitive
Physiological
Behavioural
what is the subjective – emotional component of anxiety
feelings of tension and apprehension
what is the cognitive component of anxiety
subjective feelings of apprehension
sense of impending danger
A feeling of an inability to cope
what is the physiological component of anxiety
increased heart rate and blood pressure, muscle tension, rapid breathing
Nausea, dry mouth, diarrhea, frequent urination
what is the behavioural component of anxiety
avoidance of certain situations
Impaired task performance
incidence
The number of new cases that occurred during a given period
prevalence
The number of people who have a disorder during a specified period of time
both new and previously existing cases
what type of disorders are the most prevalent of all psychological disorders in North America?
anxiety disorders
difference between the categorization of anxiety disorders in the DSM-IV and the DSM-V
DSM-IV includes PTSD and OCD as an anxiety disorder
DSM-V does not
phobias
strong and irrational fears of certain objects or situations
what are the most common phobias in Western society
Agoraphobia
Social anxiety disorder
Specific phobias
agoraphobia
fear of open and public places
social anxiety disorder
excessive fear of situations in which the person might be evaluated and possibly embarrassed
generalized anxiety and worry disorder
chronic state of free floating anxiety that isn’t attached to a specific situation/object
panic disorders
occur suddenly and unpredictably
Much more intense
OCD
involve obsessions and compulsions
obsessions
repetitive and unwelcome thoughts, images, or impulses that invade consciousness, are abhorrent to the person, and are very difficult to dismiss/controll
compulsions
repetitive behavioural responses that are hard to resist
they function to reduce the anxiety associated with the obsessions
types of OCD
hoarding disorder
Trichotillomania
Exoriation
Trichotillomania
hair pulling disorder
exoriation
skin picking disorder
what forms might a biological factor for an anxiety disorder take
over reacting autonomic
Low levels of GABA
what neurotransmitter is associated with anxiety disorders
GABA
what does GABA do
it inhibits the nervous system
T/F men have more anxiety disorders than women
false
what factors might produce the sex different seen in the prevalence of anxiety disorders
biological predisposition
Social conditions that give women less power and personal control
why do we see phobia centre on primal stimuli and not on more dangerous modern ones?
biological preparedness makes it easier for us to learn to fear snakes and spiders than guns and electrical power stations
according to freud, what is neurotic anxiety
unacceptable impulses threaten to overwhelm the egos defences and explode into action
what did Sigmund think about obsessions
they are symbolically related to the underlying impulse
what did freud think about compulsions
they are ways of taking\undoing ones unacceptable urges
how do cognitive factors factor into anxiety disorders
maladaptive thinking and beliefs contribute
anxiety disordered people feel threatened by demands, anticipate the worst will happen, feel powerless to cope
attentional processes are very sensitive to threatening stimuli
how do you cognitive processes play a role in panic disorders
normal anxiety symptoms are misinterpreted as symptoms of a heart attack, which causes even more anxiety
how can anxiety be a learned response
classical conditioning
Observational learning
negative reinforcement
explain anxiety in terms of classical conditioning
some fears are acquired as a result of Trumatic experiences that cause a classically conditioned fear response
explain anxiety in terms of observational learning
The person with the phobia has never been in that situation, but they’ve seen other people in it and thus developed a fear
T/F there is a biological basis to whether someone will develop a phobia based on observational learning
true
are the cues that trigger anxiety for phobic reactions internal or external
external
They relate to the feared object or situation
are the cues that trigger anxiety and panic disorder’s internal or external
internal
They are bodily sensations, mental images
explain anxiety disorders in terms of negative reinforcement
people are highly motivated to avoid anxiety, so behaviours that reduce anxiety like compulsions/phobic avoidance responses are strengthened through negative reinforcement
culture bound disorders
disorders that only occur in certain places
List four culture bound disorders that involve anxiety and the culture/country they’re associated with
Koro - southeast asia
Taijin Kyofushu - japan
Windigo - native americans
anorexia nervosa - developed nations
characteristics of anorexia nervosa
intense fear of being fat
Restricted food intake
T/F most anorexics are young females
True
Health risks associated with anorexia nervosa
stop menstruation
Strains the heart
Bone loss
Increased risk of death
characteristics of boulimia nervosa
fear of being fat
Binge and purge
Health consequences of believe me a nerve Osa
gastric problems
Eroded teeth
which is more common amongst north American women: anorexia or boulimia
Boulimia
environmental factors that cause eating disorders
in some cultures, beauty is equated with being thin
Beauty norms are different amongst different ethnic groups
psychological factors that cause anorexia
perfectionist personality
need for control
psychological factors that cause boulimia
depressed Anxious No impulse control Lack of stable personal identity Lack of self-sufficiency
biological factors that cause eating disorders
concordance rates for eating disorders a higher amongst identical twins
High serotonin activity
high activity of other body chemicals that regulate eating
are the high levels of body chemicals found in people with eating disorders a cause or a results?
not sure, it’s correlational
Some researchers think that they are initially a response, but once started they perpetuate the eating disorder
mood disorders
depression
Mania
what disorders are included under anxiety disorders
phobic disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
T/F everyone experiences depression
true
is depression the same thing as clinical depression?
no
clinical depression
The frequency, intensity, and duration of depressive symptoms are out of proportion to the persons life situation.
Often unable to function effectively in their lives
major depression
same thing as clinical depression
dysthymia
A less intense, but longer lasting form of depression
chronic depressive disorder
same thing as dysthymia
emotional symptoms of depression
sadness Hopelessness Anxiety Misery Inability to enjoy
cognitive symptoms of depression
Low self-esteem Blame themselves for setbacks Difficulty concentrating Difficulty making decisions Expect failure Bleak outlook on future
motivational symptoms of depression
inability to get started
Inability to perform pleasure producing behaviors
somatic/bodily symptoms of depression
loss of appetite Weight loss Insomnia Fatigue and weakness Lowered sex drive Weight gain
bipolar disorder
alternating periods of depression and mania
mania
mood is euphoric, Cognitions are grandiose
hurried speech
Less sleep
Irritable and aggressive when goals are frustrated in anyway
T/F men are more likely to suffer from unipolar depression than women
false
Women are more likely
biological factors that contribute to the sex difference in the prevalence of depression
genetic factors
biochemical differences in nervous system
Monthly premenstrual depression
All can increase vulnerability to depressive disorders
environmental factors that can cause the sex different scene in the prevalence of depressive disorder’s
Western female gender role is to be passive and dependent in the face of stress and to focus on their feelings
Men are more likely to distract themselves through physical activity and drinking
what outcomes can follow a major depressive episode? What are the likelihoods of each happening?
1) recover, depression never reccurs - 40%
2) recover, depression recurs - 50%
3) no recovery - 10%
our manic episodes more or less likely to recur then depressive reactions
more likely to recur
behaviour systems that cause depression
high behavioural inhibition system sensitivity
Low behavioural activation system activity
behaviour systems that cause mania
high behavioural activation system functioning
biochemical processes that might underlying depression
under-activity of neurotransmitters that are involved in the reward centre
norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
what biochemical processes might underlie mania
overproduction of the same neurotransmitters that are underactive in depression
what evidence is there to support the notion that early losses create a risk factor for later depression
Women who had lost their mother at a young age and had also experienced a recent loss were much more likely to have depression than women who hadn’t lost their mothers at a young age but experienced a recent loss
cognitive processes that cause depression
depressive cognitive triad
recalling more failures and less successes
Intense focus on perceived inadequacies
Perceptual and memory sensitivity to negative things
depressive attributional pattern
how does Martin Seligman explained a dramatic increase in depression amongst people born after 1960?
The generation after 1960 has an over emphasis on individuality and personal control
People are defining their self-worth in terms of individual attainment, and less to traditional values
depressive cognitive triad
negative thoughts concerning the world, oneself, and the future
This that’s pop into consciousness automatically
depressive attributional pattern
attributing failures to self
Attributing successes to others
Learned helplessness theory
depression occurs when people expect that bad events will occur and that there is nothing they could do to prevent or cope with them
according to learn to helplessness theory, what kinds of attributions trigger depression
negative attributions for failures that are personal, stable, and global
how does learning factors cause depression
punishing events or decrease in positive reinforcement causes depression
Depression causes people to stop performing rewarding behaviours, generate negative life events, avoidance of others
this increases the depression
loss of social support
what are the two fundamental motivations for suicide
1) The desire to end one’s life
2) The desire to manipulate/coerce other people into doing what the suicidal person wants
List four practical guidelines for helping a suicidal person
1) ask them directly if they’re considering suicide
2) provide social support and empathy
3) help them see their situation with a wider time perspective, help them see positive possibilities in the future
4) seek professional assistance
social cultural factors that cause depression
less depression in China, where they have strong connections to family
In Western countries, depression manifests in feelings of guilt and personal in adequacy. In Chinese and African countries, there are somatic symptoms of fatigue, loss of appetite, and sleep difficulties
in western nations, women are more likely to report feeling depressed. The sex difference isn’t seen in developing countries
White Americans are more likely to suffer from depression then black Americans
somatic symptom disorder’s
physical complaints or disabilities that suggest a medical problem, but which have no known biological cause and are not produced voluntarily by the person
pain disorder
people experience intense pain that is out of proportion to whatever medical condition they have or for which no physical basis can be found
functional neurological symptoms disorder
serious neurological symptoms (paralysis, blindness, etc.) suddenly of her, but there is no physical basis for it.
conversion disorder
same thing as functional neurological symptoms disorder
what is glove anaesthesia and what is interesting about it
when someone loses all sensation below the rest
This is impossible, because the hand is served by nerves that also provide sensory input above the hand
it’s conversion disorder more common during wartime or piece time?
wartime
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
type one schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
type two schizophrenia
what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can’t filter out irrelevant stimuli
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it’s harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
T/F there’s a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
antisocial personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there’s nothing physically wrong with them, but they can’t see
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn’t diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone’s out to get you/you’re in danger
delusion of grandeur
you think something that’s very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
what are catatonic’s like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
