Chapter 16 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
what three criteria underlie judgements that behaviour is abnormal
A
1) distressing
2) dysfunctional
3) deviant
2
Q
what does it mean if a behaviour is deviant?
A
violates social norms
3
Q
abnormal behaviour
A
behaviour that is personally distressing, personally dysfunctional, and/or so culturally deviant that other people judge it to be inappropriate/maladaptive
4
Q
general paresis
A
A disorder characterized in its advanced stages by mental deterioration and bizarre behavior, resulted from massive brain deterioration caused by syphilis
5
Q
vulnerability – stress model
A
each of us has some degree of all mobility for developing a psychological disorder, given sufficient stress
6
Q
what factors contribute to vulnerability?
A
genetics
Personality
Environment
Culture
7
Q
what is meant by reliability of diagnostic classification systems
A
clinicians using the system should show high levels of agreement in their diagnostic decisions
8
Q
what is meant by validity of diagnostic classification systems
A
The diagnostic categories should accurately capture the essential features of the various disorders
9
Q
what was the DSM 4
A
A categorical system
People were placed in specific diagnostic categories
10
Q
cons of the DSM-IV
A
The criteria are so specific that many people don’t fit into any categories
people who receive the same diagnosis may share only certain symptoms but look very different from one another
Doesn’t provide a way of capturing the severity of the disorder
11
Q
dimensional system
A
relevant behaviours are rated along a severity measure
12
Q
why is severity of the behaviour important?
A
people without OCD can be conscientious, but people with OCD are extremely, maladaptivly conscientious
thus, it doesn’t make sense to make conscientiousness a criteria for OCD, but it does make sense to make the severity of it a criteria
13
Q
what is the DSM-V
A
The new method of categorization
Diagnostic categories are retained, but dimensional skills have been added
14
Q
social and personal implications of diagnostic labelling
A
we might start to see the label as describing the individual, rather than describing the behavior
we all have preconceptions of how they’ll act, can’t judge behaviour objectively
15
Q
competency
A
A defendants state of mind at the time of the judicial hearing
16
Q
insanity
A
The presumed state of mind of the defendant at the time the crime was committed
17
Q
T/F insanity is a legal term, not a psychological one
A
True
18
Q
what is the current burden of proof in insanity hearings, and what did it use to be
A
currently, the defence has to prove that the defendant was insane
before, the prosecution had to prove that the defendant wasn’t insane
19
Q
anxiety disorders
A
frequency/intensity of anxiety responses are out of proportion to the situations that trigger them
Anxiety interferes with daily life
20
Q
four components of anxiety
A
subjective – emotional
Cognitive
Physiological
Behavioural
21
Q
what is the subjective – emotional component of anxiety
A
feelings of tension and apprehension
22
Q
what is the cognitive component of anxiety
A
subjective feelings of apprehension
sense of impending danger
A feeling of an inability to cope
23
Q
what is the physiological component of anxiety
A
increased heart rate and blood pressure, muscle tension, rapid breathing
Nausea, dry mouth, diarrhea, frequent urination
24
Q
what is the behavioural component of anxiety
A
avoidance of certain situations
Impaired task performance
25
incidence
The number of new cases that occurred during a given period
26
prevalence
The number of people who have a disorder during a specified period of time
both new and previously existing cases
27
what type of disorders are the most prevalent of all psychological disorders in North America?
anxiety disorders
28
difference between the categorization of anxiety disorders in the DSM-IV and the DSM-V
DSM-IV includes PTSD and OCD as an anxiety disorder
DSM-V does not
29
phobias
strong and irrational fears of certain objects or situations
30
what are the most common phobias in Western society
Agoraphobia
Social anxiety disorder
Specific phobias
31
agoraphobia
fear of open and public places
32
social anxiety disorder
excessive fear of situations in which the person might be evaluated and possibly embarrassed
33
generalized anxiety and worry disorder
chronic state of free floating anxiety that isn't attached to a specific situation/object
34
panic disorders
occur suddenly and unpredictably
Much more intense
35
OCD
involve obsessions and compulsions
36
obsessions
repetitive and unwelcome thoughts, images, or impulses that invade consciousness, are abhorrent to the person, and are very difficult to dismiss/controll
37
compulsions
repetitive behavioural responses that are hard to resist
they function to reduce the anxiety associated with the obsessions
38
types of OCD
hoarding disorder
Trichotillomania
Exoriation
39
Trichotillomania
hair pulling disorder
40
exoriation
skin picking disorder
41
what forms might a biological factor for an anxiety disorder take
over reacting autonomic
Low levels of GABA
42
what neurotransmitter is associated with anxiety disorders
GABA
43
what does GABA do
it inhibits the nervous system
44
T/F men have more anxiety disorders than women
false
45
what factors might produce the sex different seen in the prevalence of anxiety disorders
biological predisposition
Social conditions that give women less power and personal control
46
why do we see phobia centre on primal stimuli and not on more dangerous modern ones?
biological preparedness makes it easier for us to learn to fear snakes and spiders than guns and electrical power stations
47
according to freud, what is neurotic anxiety
unacceptable impulses threaten to overwhelm the egos defences and explode into action
48
what did Sigmund think about obsessions
they are symbolically related to the underlying impulse
49
what did freud think about compulsions
they are ways of taking\undoing ones unacceptable urges
50
how do cognitive factors factor into anxiety disorders
maladaptive thinking and beliefs contribute
anxiety disordered people feel threatened by demands, anticipate the worst will happen, feel powerless to cope
attentional processes are very sensitive to threatening stimuli
51
how do you cognitive processes play a role in panic disorders
normal anxiety symptoms are misinterpreted as symptoms of a heart attack, which causes even more anxiety
52
how can anxiety be a learned response
classical conditioning
Observational learning
negative reinforcement
53
explain anxiety in terms of classical conditioning
some fears are acquired as a result of Trumatic experiences that cause a classically conditioned fear response
54
explain anxiety in terms of observational learning
The person with the phobia has never been in that situation, but they've seen other people in it and thus developed a fear
55
T/F there is a biological basis to whether someone will develop a phobia based on observational learning
true
56
are the cues that trigger anxiety for phobic reactions internal or external
external
They relate to the feared object or situation
57
are the cues that trigger anxiety and panic disorder's internal or external
internal
They are bodily sensations, mental images
58
explain anxiety disorders in terms of negative reinforcement
people are highly motivated to avoid anxiety, so behaviours that reduce anxiety like compulsions/phobic avoidance responses are strengthened through negative reinforcement
59
culture bound disorders
disorders that only occur in certain places
60
List four culture bound disorders that involve anxiety and the culture/country they're associated with
Koro - southeast asia
Taijin Kyofushu - japan
Windigo - native americans
anorexia nervosa - developed nations
61
characteristics of anorexia nervosa
intense fear of being fat
Restricted food intake
62
T/F most anorexics are young females
True
63
Health risks associated with anorexia nervosa
stop menstruation
Strains the heart
Bone loss
Increased risk of death
64
characteristics of boulimia nervosa
fear of being fat
| Binge and purge
65
Health consequences of believe me a nerve Osa
gastric problems
| Eroded teeth
66
which is more common amongst north American women: anorexia or boulimia
Boulimia
67
environmental factors that cause eating disorders
in some cultures, beauty is equated with being thin
Beauty norms are different amongst different ethnic groups
68
psychological factors that cause anorexia
perfectionist personality
| need for control
69
psychological factors that cause boulimia
```
depressed
Anxious
No impulse control
Lack of stable personal identity
Lack of self-sufficiency
```
70
biological factors that cause eating disorders
concordance rates for eating disorders a higher amongst identical twins
High serotonin activity
high activity of other body chemicals that regulate eating
71
are the high levels of body chemicals found in people with eating disorders a cause or a results?
not sure, it's correlational
Some researchers think that they are initially a response, but once started they perpetuate the eating disorder
72
mood disorders
depression
| Mania
73
what disorders are included under anxiety disorders
phobic disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
74
T/F everyone experiences depression
true
75
is depression the same thing as clinical depression?
no
76
clinical depression
The frequency, intensity, and duration of depressive symptoms are out of proportion to the persons life situation.
Often unable to function effectively in their lives
77
major depression
same thing as clinical depression
78
dysthymia
A less intense, but longer lasting form of depression
79
chronic depressive disorder
same thing as dysthymia
80
emotional symptoms of depression
```
sadness
Hopelessness
Anxiety
Misery
Inability to enjoy
```
81
cognitive symptoms of depression
```
Low self-esteem
Blame themselves for setbacks
Difficulty concentrating
Difficulty making decisions
Expect failure
Bleak outlook on future
```
82
motivational symptoms of depression
inability to get started
| Inability to perform pleasure producing behaviors
83
somatic/bodily symptoms of depression
```
loss of appetite
Weight loss
Insomnia
Fatigue and weakness
Lowered sex drive
Weight gain
```
84
bipolar disorder
alternating periods of depression and mania
85
mania
mood is euphoric, Cognitions are grandiose
hurried speech
Less sleep
Irritable and aggressive when goals are frustrated in anyway
86
T/F men are more likely to suffer from unipolar depression than women
false
Women are more likely
87
biological factors that contribute to the sex difference in the prevalence of depression
genetic factors
biochemical differences in nervous system
Monthly premenstrual depression
All can increase vulnerability to depressive disorders
88
environmental factors that can cause the sex different scene in the prevalence of depressive disorder's
Western female gender role is to be passive and dependent in the face of stress and to focus on their feelings
Men are more likely to distract themselves through physical activity and drinking
89
what outcomes can follow a major depressive episode? What are the likelihoods of each happening?
1) recover, depression never reccurs - 40%
2) recover, depression recurs - 50%
3) no recovery - 10%
90
our manic episodes more or less likely to recur then depressive reactions
more likely to recur
91
behaviour systems that cause depression
high behavioural inhibition system sensitivity
Low behavioural activation system activity
92
behaviour systems that cause mania
high behavioural activation system functioning
93
biochemical processes that might underlying depression
under-activity of neurotransmitters that are involved in the reward centre
norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
94
what biochemical processes might underlie mania
overproduction of the same neurotransmitters that are underactive in depression
95
what evidence is there to support the notion that early losses create a risk factor for later depression
Women who had lost their mother at a young age and had also experienced a recent loss were much more likely to have depression than women who hadn't lost their mothers at a young age but experienced a recent loss
96
cognitive processes that cause depression
depressive cognitive triad
recalling more failures and less successes
Intense focus on perceived inadequacies
Perceptual and memory sensitivity to negative things
depressive attributional pattern
97
how does Martin Seligman explained a dramatic increase in depression amongst people born after 1960?
The generation after 1960 has an over emphasis on individuality and personal control
People are defining their self-worth in terms of individual attainment, and less to traditional values
98
depressive cognitive triad
negative thoughts concerning the world, oneself, and the future
This that's pop into consciousness automatically
99
depressive attributional pattern
attributing failures to self
Attributing successes to others
100
Learned helplessness theory
depression occurs when people expect that bad events will occur and that there is nothing they could do to prevent or cope with them
101
according to learn to helplessness theory, what kinds of attributions trigger depression
negative attributions for failures that are personal, stable, and global
102
how does learning factors cause depression
punishing events or decrease in positive reinforcement causes depression
Depression causes people to stop performing rewarding behaviours, generate negative life events, avoidance of others
this increases the depression
loss of social support
103
what are the two fundamental motivations for suicide
1) The desire to end one's life
| 2) The desire to manipulate/coerce other people into doing what the suicidal person wants
104
List four practical guidelines for helping a suicidal person
1) ask them directly if they're considering suicide
2) provide social support and empathy
3) help them see their situation with a wider time perspective, help them see positive possibilities in the future
4) seek professional assistance
105
social cultural factors that cause depression
less depression in China, where they have strong connections to family
In Western countries, depression manifests in feelings of guilt and personal in adequacy. In Chinese and African countries, there are somatic symptoms of fatigue, loss of appetite, and sleep difficulties
in western nations, women are more likely to report feeling depressed. The sex difference isn't seen in developing countries
White Americans are more likely to suffer from depression then black Americans
106
somatic symptom disorder's
physical complaints or disabilities that suggest a medical problem, but which have no known biological cause and are not produced voluntarily by the person
107
pain disorder
people experience intense pain that is out of proportion to whatever medical condition they have or for which no physical basis can be found
108
functional neurological symptoms disorder
serious neurological symptoms (paralysis, blindness, etc.) suddenly of her, but there is no physical basis for it.
109
conversion disorder
same thing as functional neurological symptoms disorder
110
what is glove anaesthesia and what is interesting about it
when someone loses all sensation below the rest
This is impossible, because the hand is served by nerves that also provide sensory input above the hand
111
it's conversion disorder more common during wartime or piece time?
wartime
112
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
113
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
114
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
115
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
116
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
117
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
118
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
119
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
120
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
121
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
122
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
123
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
124
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
125
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
126
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
127
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
128
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
129
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
130
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
131
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
132
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
133
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
134
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
135
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
136
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
137
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
138
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
139
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
140
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
141
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
142
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
143
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
144
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
145
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
146
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
147
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
148
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
149
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
150
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
151
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
152
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
153
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
154
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
155
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
156
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
157
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
158
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
159
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
160
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
161
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
162
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
163
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
164
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
165
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
166
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
167
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
168
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
169
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
170
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
171
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
172
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
173
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
174
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
175
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
176
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
177
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
178
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
179
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
180
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
181
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
182
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
183
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
184
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
185
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
186
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
187
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
188
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
189
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
190
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
191
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
192
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
193
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
194
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
195
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
196
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
197
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
198
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
199
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
200
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
201
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
202
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
203
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
204
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
205
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
206
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
207
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
208
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
209
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
210
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
211
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
212
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
213
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
214
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
215
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
216
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
217
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
218
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
219
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
220
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
221
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
222
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
223
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
224
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
225
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
226
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
227
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
228
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
229
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
230
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
231
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
232
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
233
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
234
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
235
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
236
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
237
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
238
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
239
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
240
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
241
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
242
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
243
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
244
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
245
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
246
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
247
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
248
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
249
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
250
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
251
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
252
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
253
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
254
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
255
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
256
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
257
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
258
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
259
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
260
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
261
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
262
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
263
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
264
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
265
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
266
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
267
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
268
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
269
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
270
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
271
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
272
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
273
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
274
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
275
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
276
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
277
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
278
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
279
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
280
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
281
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
282
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
283
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
284
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
285
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
286
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
287
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
288
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
289
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
290
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
291
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
292
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
293
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
294
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
295
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
296
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
297
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
298
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
299
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
300
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
301
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
302
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
303
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
304
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
305
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
306
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
307
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
308
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
309
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
310
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
311
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
312
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
313
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
314
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
315
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
316
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
317
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
318
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
319
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
320
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
321
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
322
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
323
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
324
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
325
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
326
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
327
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
328
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
329
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
330
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
331
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
332
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
333
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
334
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
335
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
336
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
337
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
338
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
339
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
340
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
341
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
342
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
343
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
344
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
345
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
346
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
347
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
348
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
349
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
350
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
351
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
352
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
353
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
354
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
355
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
356
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
357
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
358
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
359
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
360
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
361
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
362
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
363
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
364
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
365
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
366
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
367
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
368
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
369
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
370
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
371
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
372
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
373
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
374
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
375
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
376
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
377
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
378
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
379
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
380
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
381
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
382
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
383
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
384
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
385
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
386
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
387
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
388
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
389
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
390
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
391
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
392
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
393
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
394
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
395
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
396
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
397
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
398
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
399
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
400
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
401
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
402
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
403
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
404
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
405
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
406
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
407
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
408
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
409
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
410
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
411
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
412
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
413
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
414
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
415
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
416
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
417
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
418
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
419
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
420
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
421
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
422
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
423
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
424
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
425
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
426
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
427
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
428
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
429
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
430
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
431
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
432
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
433
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
434
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
435
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
436
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
437
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
438
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
439
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
440
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
441
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
442
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
443
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
444
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
445
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
446
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
447
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
448
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
449
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
450
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
451
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
452
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
453
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
454
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
455
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
456
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
457
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
458
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
459
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
460
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
461
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
462
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
463
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
464
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
465
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
466
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
467
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
468
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
469
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
470
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
471
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
472
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
473
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
474
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
475
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
476
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
477
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
478
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
479
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
480
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
481
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
482
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
483
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
484
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
485
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
486
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
487
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
488
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
489
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
490
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
491
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
492
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
493
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
494
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
495
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
496
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
497
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
498
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
499
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
500
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
501
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
502
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
503
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
504
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
505
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
506
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
507
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
508
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
509
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
510
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
511
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
512
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
513
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
514
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
515
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
516
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
517
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
518
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
519
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
520
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
521
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
522
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
523
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
524
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
525
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
526
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
527
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
528
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
529
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
530
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
531
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
532
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
533
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
534
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
535
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
536
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
537
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
538
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
539
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
540
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
541
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
542
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
543
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
544
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
545
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
546
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
547
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
548
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
549
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
550
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
551
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
552
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
553
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
554
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
555
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
556
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
557
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
558
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
559
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
560
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
561
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
562
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
563
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
564
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
565
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
566
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
567
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
568
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
569
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
570
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
571
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
572
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
573
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
574
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
575
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
576
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
577
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
578
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
579
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
580
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
581
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
582
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
583
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
584
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
585
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
586
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
587
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
588
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
589
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
590
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
591
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
592
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
593
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
594
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
595
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
596
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
597
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
598
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
599
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
600
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
601
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
602
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
603
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
604
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
605
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
606
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
607
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
608
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
609
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
610
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
611
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
612
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
613
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
614
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
615
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
616
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
617
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
618
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
619
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
620
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
621
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
622
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
623
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
624
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
625
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
626
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
627
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
628
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
629
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
630
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
631
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
632
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
633
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
634
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
635
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
636
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
637
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
638
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
639
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
640
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
641
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
642
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
643
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
644
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
645
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
646
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
647
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
648
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
649
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
650
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
651
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
652
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
653
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
654
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
655
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
656
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
657
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
658
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
659
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
660
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
661
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
662
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
663
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
664
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
665
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
666
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
667
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
668
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
669
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
670
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
671
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
672
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
673
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
674
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
675
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
676
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
677
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
678
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
679
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
680
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
681
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
682
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
683
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
684
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
685
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
686
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
687
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
688
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
689
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
690
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
691
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
692
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
693
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
694
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
695
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
696
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
697
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
698
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
699
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
700
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
701
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
702
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
703
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
704
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
705
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
706
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
707
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
708
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
709
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
710
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
711
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
712
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
713
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
714
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
715
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
716
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
717
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
718
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
719
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
720
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
721
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
722
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
723
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
724
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
725
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
726
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
727
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
728
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
729
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
730
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
731
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
732
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
733
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
734
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
735
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
736
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
737
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
738
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
739
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
740
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
741
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
742
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
743
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
744
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
745
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
746
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
747
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
748
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
749
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
750
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
751
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
752
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
753
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
754
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
755
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
756
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
757
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
758
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
759
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
760
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
761
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
762
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
763
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
764
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
765
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
766
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
767
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
768
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
769
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
770
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
771
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
772
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
773
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
774
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
775
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
776
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
777
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
778
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
779
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
780
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
781
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
782
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
783
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
784
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
785
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
786
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
787
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
788
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
789
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
790
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
791
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
792
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
793
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
794
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
795
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
796
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
797
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
798
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
799
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
800
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
801
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
802
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
803
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
804
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
805
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
806
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
807
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
808
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
809
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
810
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
811
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
812
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
813
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
814
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
815
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
816
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
817
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
818
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
819
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
820
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
821
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
822
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
823
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
824
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
825
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
826
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
827
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
828
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
829
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
830
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
831
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
832
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
833
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
834
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
835
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
836
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
837
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
838
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
839
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
840
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
841
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
842
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
843
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
844
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
845
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
846
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
847
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
848
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
849
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
850
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
851
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
852
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
853
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
854
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
855
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
856
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
857
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
858
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
859
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
860
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
861
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
862
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
863
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
864
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
865
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
866
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
867
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
868
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
869
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
870
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
871
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
872
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
873
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
874
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
875
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
876
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
877
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
878
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
879
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
880
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
881
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
882
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
883
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
884
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
885
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
886
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
887
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
888
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
889
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
890
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
891
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
892
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
893
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
894
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
895
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
896
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
897
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
898
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
899
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
900
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
901
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
902
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
903
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
904
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
905
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
906
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
907
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
908
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
909
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
910
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
911
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
912
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
913
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
914
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
915
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
916
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
917
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
918
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
919
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
920
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
921
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
922
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
923
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
924
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
925
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
926
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
927
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
928
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
929
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
930
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
931
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
932
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
933
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
934
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
935
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
936
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
937
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
938
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
939
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
940
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
941
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
942
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
943
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
944
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
945
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
946
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
947
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
948
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
949
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
950
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
951
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
952
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
953
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
954
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
955
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
956
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
957
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
958
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
959
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
960
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
961
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
962
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
963
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
964
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
965
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
966
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
967
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
968
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
969
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
970
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
971
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
972
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
973
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
974
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
975
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
976
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
977
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
978
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
979
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
980
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
981
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
982
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
983
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
984
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
985
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
986
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
987
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
988
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
989
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
990
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
991
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
992
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
993
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
994
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
995
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
996
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
997
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
998
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
999
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1000
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1001
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1002
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1003
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1004
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1005
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1006
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1007
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1008
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1009
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1010
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1011
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1012
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1013
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1014
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1015
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1016
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1017
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1018
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1019
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1020
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1021
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1022
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1023
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1024
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1025
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1026
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1027
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1028
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1029
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1030
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1031
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1032
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1033
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1034
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1035
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1036
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1037
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1038
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1039
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1040
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1041
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1042
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1043
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1044
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1045
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1046
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1047
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1048
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1049
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1050
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1051
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1052
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1053
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1054
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1055
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1056
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1057
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1058
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1059
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1060
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1061
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1062
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1063
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1064
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1065
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1066
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1067
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1068
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1069
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1070
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1071
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1072
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1073
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1074
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1075
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1076
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1077
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1078
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1079
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1080
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1081
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1082
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1083
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1084
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1085
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1086
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1087
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1088
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1089
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1090
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1091
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1092
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1093
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1094
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1095
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1096
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1097
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1098
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1099
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1100
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1101
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1102
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1103
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1104
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1105
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1106
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1107
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1108
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1109
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1110
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1111
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1112
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1113
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1114
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1115
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1116
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1117
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1118
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1119
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1120
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1121
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1122
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1123
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1124
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1125
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1126
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1127
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1128
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1129
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1130
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1131
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1132
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1133
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1134
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1135
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1136
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1137
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1138
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1139
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1140
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1141
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1142
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1143
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1144
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1145
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1146
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1147
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1148
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1149
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1150
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1151
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1152
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1153
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1154
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1155
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1156
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1157
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1158
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1159
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1160
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1161
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1162
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1163
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1164
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1165
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1166
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1167
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1168
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1169
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1170
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1171
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1172
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1173
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1174
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1175
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1176
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1177
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1178
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1179
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1180
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1181
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1182
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1183
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1184
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1185
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1186
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1187
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1188
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1189
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1190
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1191
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1192
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1193
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1194
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1195
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1196
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1197
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1198
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1199
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1200
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1201
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1202
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1203
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1204
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1205
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1206
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1207
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1208
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1209
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1210
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1211
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1212
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1213
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1214
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1215
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1216
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1217
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1218
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1219
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1220
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1221
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1222
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1223
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1224
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1225
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1226
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1227
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1228
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1229
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1230
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1231
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1232
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1233
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1234
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1235
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1236
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1237
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1238
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1239
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1240
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1241
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1242
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1243
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1244
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1245
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1246
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1247
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1248
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1249
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1250
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1251
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1252
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1253
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1254
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1255
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1256
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1257
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1258
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1259
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1260
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1261
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1262
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1263
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1264
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1265
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1266
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1267
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1268
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1269
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1270
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1271
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1272
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1273
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1274
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1275
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1276
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1277
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1278
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1279
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1280
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1281
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1282
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1283
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1284
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1285
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1286
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1287
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1288
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1289
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1290
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1291
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1292
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1293
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1294
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1295
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1296
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1297
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1298
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1299
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1300
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1301
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1302
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1303
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1304
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1305
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1306
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1307
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1308
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1309
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1310
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1311
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1312
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1313
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1314
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1315
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1316
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1317
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1318
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1319
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1320
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1321
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1322
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1323
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1324
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1325
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1326
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1327
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1328
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1329
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1330
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1331
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1332
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1333
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1334
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1335
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1336
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1337
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1338
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1339
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1340
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1341
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1342
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1343
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1344
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1345
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1346
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1347
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1348
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1349
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1350
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1351
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1352
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1353
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1354
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1355
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1356
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1357
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1358
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1359
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1360
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1361
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1362
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1363
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1364
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1365
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1366
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1367
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1368
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1369
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1370
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1371
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1372
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1373
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1374
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1375
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1376
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1377
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1378
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1379
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1380
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1381
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1382
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1383
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1384
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1385
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1386
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1387
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1388
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1389
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1390
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1391
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1392
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1393
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1394
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1395
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1396
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1397
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1398
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1399
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1400
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1401
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1402
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1403
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1404
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1405
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1406
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1407
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1408
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1409
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1410
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1411
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1412
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1413
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1414
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1415
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1416
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1417
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1418
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1419
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1420
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1421
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1422
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1423
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1424
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1425
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1426
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1427
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1428
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1429
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1430
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1431
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1432
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1433
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1434
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1435
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1436
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1437
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1438
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1439
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1440
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1441
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1442
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1443
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1444
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1445
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1446
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1447
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1448
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1449
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1450
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1451
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1452
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1453
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1454
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1455
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1456
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1457
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1458
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1459
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1460
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1461
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1462
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1463
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1464
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1465
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1466
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1467
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1468
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1469
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1470
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1471
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1472
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1473
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1474
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1475
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1476
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1477
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1478
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1479
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1480
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1481
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1482
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1483
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1484
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1485
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1486
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1487
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1488
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1489
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1490
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1491
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1492
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1493
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1494
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1495
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1496
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1497
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1498
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1499
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1500
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1501
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1502
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1503
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1504
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1505
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1506
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1507
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1508
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1509
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1510
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1511
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1512
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1513
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1514
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1515
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1516
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1517
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1518
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1519
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1520
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1521
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1522
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1523
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1524
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1525
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1526
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1527
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1528
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1529
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1530
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1531
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1532
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1533
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1534
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1535
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1536
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1537
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1538
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1539
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1540
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1541
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1542
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1543
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1544
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1545
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1546
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1547
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1548
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1549
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1550
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1551
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1552
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1553
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1554
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1555
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1556
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1557
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1558
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1559
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1560
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1561
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1562
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1563
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1564
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1565
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1566
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1567
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1568
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1569
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1570
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1571
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1572
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1573
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1574
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1575
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1576
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1577
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1578
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1579
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1580
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1581
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1582
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1583
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1584
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1585
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1586
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1587
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1588
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1589
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1590
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1591
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1592
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1593
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1594
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1595
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1596
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1597
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1598
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1599
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1600
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1601
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1602
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1603
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1604
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1605
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1606
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1607
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1608
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1609
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1610
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1611
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1612
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1613
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1614
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1615
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1616
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1617
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1618
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1619
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1620
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1621
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1622
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1623
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1624
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1625
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1626
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1627
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1628
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1629
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1630
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1631
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1632
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1633
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1634
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1635
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1636
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1637
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1638
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1639
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1640
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1641
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1642
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1643
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1644
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1645
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1646
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1647
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1648
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1649
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1650
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1651
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1652
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1653
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1654
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1655
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1656
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1657
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1658
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1659
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1660
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1661
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1662
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1663
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1664
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1665
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1666
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1667
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1668
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1669
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1670
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1671
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1672
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1673
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1674
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1675
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1676
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1677
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1678
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1679
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1680
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1681
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1682
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1683
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1684
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1685
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1686
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1687
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1688
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1689
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1690
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1691
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1692
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1693
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1694
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1695
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1696
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1697
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1698
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1699
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1700
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1701
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1702
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1703
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1704
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1705
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1706
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1707
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1708
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1709
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1710
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1711
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1712
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1713
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1714
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1715
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1716
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1717
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1718
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1719
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1720
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1721
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1722
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1723
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1724
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1725
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1726
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1727
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1728
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1729
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1730
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1731
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1732
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1733
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1734
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1735
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1736
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1737
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1738
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1739
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1740
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1741
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1742
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1743
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1744
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1745
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1746
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1747
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1748
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1749
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1750
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1751
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1752
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1753
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1754
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1755
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1756
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1757
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1758
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1759
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1760
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1761
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1762
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1763
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1764
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1765
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1766
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1767
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1768
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1769
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1770
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1771
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1772
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1773
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1774
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1775
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1776
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1777
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1778
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1779
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1780
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1781
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1782
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1783
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1784
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1785
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1786
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1787
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1788
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1789
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1790
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1791
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1792
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1793
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1794
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1795
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1796
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1797
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1798
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1799
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1800
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1801
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1802
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1803
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1804
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1805
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1806
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1807
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1808
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1809
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1810
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1811
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1812
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1813
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1814
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1815
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1816
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1817
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1818
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1819
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1820
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1821
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1822
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1823
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1824
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1825
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1826
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1827
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1828
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1829
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1830
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1831
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1832
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1833
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1834
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1835
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1836
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1837
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1838
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1839
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1840
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1841
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1842
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1843
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1844
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1845
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1846
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1847
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1848
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1849
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1850
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1851
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1852
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1853
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1854
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1855
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1856
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1857
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1858
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1859
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1860
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1861
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1862
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1863
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1864
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1865
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1866
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1867
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1868
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1869
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1870
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1871
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1872
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1873
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1874
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1875
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1876
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1877
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1878
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1879
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1880
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1881
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1882
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1883
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1884
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1885
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1886
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1887
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1888
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1889
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1890
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1891
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1892
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1893
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1894
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1895
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1896
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1897
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1898
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1899
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1900
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1901
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1902
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1903
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1904
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1905
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1906
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1907
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1908
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1909
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1910
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1911
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1912
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1913
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1914
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1915
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1916
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1917
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1918
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1919
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1920
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1921
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1922
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1923
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1924
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1925
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1926
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1927
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1928
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1929
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1930
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1931
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1932
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1933
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1934
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1935
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1936
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1937
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1938
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1939
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1940
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1941
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1942
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1943
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1944
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1945
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
1946
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
1947
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
1948
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
1949
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
1950
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
1951
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
1952
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
1953
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
1954
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
1955
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
1956
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
1957
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
1958
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
1959
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
1960
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
1961
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
1962
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
1963
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
1964
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
1965
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
1966
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
1967
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
1968
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
1969
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
1970
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
1971
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
1972
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
1973
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
1974
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
1975
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
1976
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
1977
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
1978
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
1979
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
1980
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
1981
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
1982
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
1983
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
1984
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
1985
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
1986
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
1987
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
1988
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
1989
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
1990
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
1991
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
1992
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
1993
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
1994
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
1995
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
1996
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
1997
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
1998
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
1999
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2000
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2001
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2002
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2003
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2004
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2005
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2006
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2007
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2008
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2009
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2010
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2011
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2012
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2013
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2014
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2015
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2016
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2017
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2018
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2019
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2020
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2021
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2022
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2023
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2024
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2025
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2026
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2027
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2028
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2029
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2030
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2031
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2032
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2033
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2034
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2035
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2036
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2037
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2038
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2039
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2040
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2041
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2042
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2043
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2044
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2045
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2046
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2047
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2048
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2049
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2050
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2051
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2052
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2053
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2054
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2055
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2056
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2057
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2058
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2059
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2060
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2061
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2062
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2063
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2064
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2065
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2066
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2067
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2068
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2069
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2070
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2071
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2072
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2073
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2074
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2075
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2076
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2077
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2078
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2079
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2080
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2081
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2082
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2083
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2084
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2085
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2086
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2087
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2088
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2089
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2090
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2091
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2092
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2093
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2094
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2095
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2096
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2097
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2098
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2099
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2100
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2101
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2102
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2103
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2104
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2105
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2106
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2107
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2108
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2109
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2110
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2111
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2112
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2113
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2114
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2115
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2116
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2117
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2118
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2119
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2120
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2121
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2122
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2123
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2124
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2125
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2126
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2127
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2128
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2129
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2130
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2131
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2132
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2133
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2134
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2135
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2136
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2137
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2138
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2139
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2140
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2141
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2142
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2143
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2144
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2145
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2146
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2147
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2148
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2149
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2150
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2151
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2152
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2153
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2154
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2155
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2156
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2157
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2158
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2159
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2160
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2161
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2162
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2163
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2164
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2165
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2166
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2167
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2168
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2169
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2170
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2171
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2172
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2173
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2174
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2175
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2176
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2177
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2178
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2179
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2180
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2181
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2182
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2183
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2184
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2185
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2186
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2187
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2188
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2189
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2190
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2191
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2192
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2193
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2194
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2195
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2196
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2197
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2198
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2199
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2200
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2201
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2202
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2203
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2204
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2205
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2206
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2207
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2208
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2209
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2210
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2211
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2212
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2213
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2214
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2215
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2216
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2217
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2218
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2219
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2220
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2221
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2222
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2223
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2224
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2225
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2226
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2227
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2228
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2229
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2230
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2231
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2232
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2233
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2234
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2235
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2236
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2237
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2238
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2239
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2240
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2241
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2242
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2243
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2244
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2245
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2246
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2247
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2248
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2249
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2250
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2251
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2252
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2253
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2254
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2255
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2256
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2257
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2258
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2259
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2260
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2261
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2262
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2263
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2264
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2265
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2266
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2267
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2268
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2269
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2270
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2271
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2272
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2273
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2274
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2275
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2276
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2277
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2278
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2279
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2280
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2281
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2282
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2283
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2284
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2285
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2286
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2287
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2288
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2289
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2290
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2291
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2292
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2293
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2294
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2295
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2296
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2297
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2298
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2299
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2300
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2301
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2302
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2303
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2304
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2305
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2306
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2307
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2308
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2309
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2310
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2311
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2312
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2313
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2314
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2315
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2316
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2317
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2318
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2319
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2320
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2321
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2322
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2323
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2324
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2325
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2326
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2327
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2328
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2329
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2330
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2331
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2332
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2333
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2334
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2335
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2336
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2337
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2338
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2339
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2340
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2341
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2342
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2343
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2344
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2345
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2346
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2347
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2348
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2349
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2350
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2351
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2352
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2353
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2354
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2355
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2356
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2357
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2358
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2359
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2360
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2361
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2362
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2363
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2364
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2365
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2366
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2367
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2368
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2369
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2370
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2371
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2372
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2373
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2374
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2375
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2376
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2377
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2378
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2379
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2380
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2381
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2382
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2383
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2384
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2385
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2386
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2387
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2388
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2389
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2390
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2391
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2392
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2393
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2394
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2395
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2396
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2397
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2398
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2399
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2400
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2401
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2402
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2403
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2404
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2405
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2406
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2407
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2408
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2409
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2410
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2411
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2412
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2413
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2414
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2415
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2416
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2417
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2418
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2419
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2420
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2421
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2422
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2423
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2424
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2425
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2426
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2427
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2428
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2429
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2430
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2431
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2432
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2433
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2434
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2435
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2436
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2437
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2438
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2439
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2440
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2441
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2442
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2443
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2444
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2445
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2446
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2447
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2448
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2449
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2450
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2451
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2452
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2453
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2454
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2455
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2456
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2457
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2458
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2459
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2460
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2461
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2462
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2463
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2464
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2465
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2466
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2467
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2468
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2469
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2470
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2471
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2472
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2473
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2474
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2475
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2476
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2477
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2478
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2479
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2480
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2481
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2482
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2483
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2484
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2485
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2486
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2487
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2488
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2489
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2490
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2491
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2492
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2493
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2494
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2495
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2496
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2497
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2498
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2499
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2500
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2501
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2502
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2503
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2504
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2505
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2506
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2507
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2508
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2509
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2510
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2511
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2512
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2513
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2514
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2515
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2516
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2517
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2518
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2519
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2520
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2521
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2522
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2523
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2524
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2525
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2526
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2527
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2528
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2529
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2530
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2531
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2532
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2533
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2534
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2535
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2536
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2537
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2538
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2539
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2540
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2541
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2542
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2543
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2544
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2545
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2546
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2547
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2548
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2549
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2550
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2551
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2552
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2553
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2554
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2555
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2556
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2557
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2558
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2559
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2560
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2561
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2562
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2563
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2564
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2565
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2566
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2567
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2568
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2569
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2570
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2571
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2572
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2573
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2574
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2575
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2576
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2577
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2578
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2579
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2580
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2581
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2582
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2583
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2584
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2585
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2586
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2587
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2588
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2589
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2590
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2591
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2592
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2593
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2594
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2595
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2596
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2597
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2598
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2599
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2600
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2601
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2602
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2603
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2604
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2605
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2606
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2607
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2608
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2609
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2610
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2611
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2612
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2613
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2614
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2615
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2616
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2617
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2618
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2619
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2620
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2621
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2622
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2623
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2624
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2625
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2626
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2627
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2628
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2629
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2630
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2631
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2632
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2633
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2634
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2635
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2636
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2637
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2638
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2639
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2640
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2641
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2642
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2643
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2644
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2645
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2646
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2647
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2648
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2649
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2650
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2651
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2652
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2653
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2654
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2655
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2656
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2657
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2658
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2659
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2660
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2661
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2662
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2663
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2664
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2665
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2666
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2667
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2668
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2669
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2670
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2671
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2672
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2673
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2674
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2675
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2676
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2677
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2678
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2679
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2680
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2681
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2682
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2683
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2684
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2685
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2686
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2687
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2688
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2689
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2690
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2691
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2692
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2693
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2694
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2695
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2696
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2697
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2698
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2699
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2700
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2701
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2702
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2703
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2704
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2705
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2706
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2707
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2708
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2709
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2710
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2711
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2712
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2713
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2714
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2715
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2716
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2717
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2718
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2719
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2720
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2721
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2722
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2723
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2724
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2725
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2726
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2727
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2728
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2729
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2730
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2731
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2732
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2733
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2734
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2735
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2736
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2737
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2738
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2739
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2740
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2741
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2742
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2743
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2744
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2745
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2746
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2747
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2748
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2749
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2750
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2751
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2752
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2753
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2754
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2755
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2756
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2757
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2758
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2759
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2760
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2761
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2762
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2763
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2764
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2765
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2766
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2767
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2768
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2769
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2770
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2771
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2772
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2773
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2774
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2775
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2776
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2777
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2778
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2779
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2780
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2781
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2782
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2783
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2784
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2785
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2786
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2787
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2788
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2789
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2790
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2791
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2792
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2793
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2794
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2795
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2796
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2797
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2798
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2799
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2800
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2801
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2802
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2803
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2804
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2805
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2806
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2807
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2808
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2809
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2810
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2811
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2812
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2813
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2814
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2815
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2816
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2817
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2818
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2819
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2820
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2821
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2822
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2823
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2824
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2825
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2826
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2827
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2828
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2829
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2830
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2831
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2832
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2833
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2834
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2835
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2836
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2837
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2838
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2839
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2840
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2841
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2842
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2843
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2844
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2845
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2846
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2847
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2848
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2849
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2850
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2851
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2852
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2853
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2854
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2855
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2856
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2857
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2858
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2859
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2860
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2861
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2862
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2863
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2864
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2865
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2866
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2867
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2868
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2869
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2870
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2871
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2872
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2873
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2874
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2875
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2876
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2877
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2878
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2879
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2880
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2881
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2882
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2883
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2884
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2885
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2886
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2887
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2888
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2889
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2890
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2891
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2892
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2893
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2894
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2895
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2896
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2897
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2898
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2899
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2900
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2901
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2902
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2903
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2904
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2905
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2906
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2907
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2908
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2909
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2910
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2911
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2912
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2913
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2914
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2915
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2916
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2917
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2918
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2919
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2920
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2921
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2922
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2923
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2924
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2925
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2926
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2927
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2928
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2929
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2930
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2931
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2932
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2933
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2934
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2935
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2936
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2937
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2938
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2939
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2940
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2941
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2942
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2943
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2944
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2945
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
2946
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
2947
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
2948
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
2949
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
2950
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
2951
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
2952
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
2953
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
2954
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
2955
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
2956
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
2957
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
2958
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
2959
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
2960
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
2961
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
2962
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
2963
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
2964
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
2965
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
2966
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
2967
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
2968
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
2969
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
2970
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
2971
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
2972
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
2973
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
2974
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
2975
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
2976
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
2977
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
2978
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
2979
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
2980
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
2981
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
2982
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
2983
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
2984
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
2985
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
2986
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
2987
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
2988
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
2989
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
2990
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
2991
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
2992
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
2993
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
2994
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
2995
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
2996
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
2997
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
2998
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
2999
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3000
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3001
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3002
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3003
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3004
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3005
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3006
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3007
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3008
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3009
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3010
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3011
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3012
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3013
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3014
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3015
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3016
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3017
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3018
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3019
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3020
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3021
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3022
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3023
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3024
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3025
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3026
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3027
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3028
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3029
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3030
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3031
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3032
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3033
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3034
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3035
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3036
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3037
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3038
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3039
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3040
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3041
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3042
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3043
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3044
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3045
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3046
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3047
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3048
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3049
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3050
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3051
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3052
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3053
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3054
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3055
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3056
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3057
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3058
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3059
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3060
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3061
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3062
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3063
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3064
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3065
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3066
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3067
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3068
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3069
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3070
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3071
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3072
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3073
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3074
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3075
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3076
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3077
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3078
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3079
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3080
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3081
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3082
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3083
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3084
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3085
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3086
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3087
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3088
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3089
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3090
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3091
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3092
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3093
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3094
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3095
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3096
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3097
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3098
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3099
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3100
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3101
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3102
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3103
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3104
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3105
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3106
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3107
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3108
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3109
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3110
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3111
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3112
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3113
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3114
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3115
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3116
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3117
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3118
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3119
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3120
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3121
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3122
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3123
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3124
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3125
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3126
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3127
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3128
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3129
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3130
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3131
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3132
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3133
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3134
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3135
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3136
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3137
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3138
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3139
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3140
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3141
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3142
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3143
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3144
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3145
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3146
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3147
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3148
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3149
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3150
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3151
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3152
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3153
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3154
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3155
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3156
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3157
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3158
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3159
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3160
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3161
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3162
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3163
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3164
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3165
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3166
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3167
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3168
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3169
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3170
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3171
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3172
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3173
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3174
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3175
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3176
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3177
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3178
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3179
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3180
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3181
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3182
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3183
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3184
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3185
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3186
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3187
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3188
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3189
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3190
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3191
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3192
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3193
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3194
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3195
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3196
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3197
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3198
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3199
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3200
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3201
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3202
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3203
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3204
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3205
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3206
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3207
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3208
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3209
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3210
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3211
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3212
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3213
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3214
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3215
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3216
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3217
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3218
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3219
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3220
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3221
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3222
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3223
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3224
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3225
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3226
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3227
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3228
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3229
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3230
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3231
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3232
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3233
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3234
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3235
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3236
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3237
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3238
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3239
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3240
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3241
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3242
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3243
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3244
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3245
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3246
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3247
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3248
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3249
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3250
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3251
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3252
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3253
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3254
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3255
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3256
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3257
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3258
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3259
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3260
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3261
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3262
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3263
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3264
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3265
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3266
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3267
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3268
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3269
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3270
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3271
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3272
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3273
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3274
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3275
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3276
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3277
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3278
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3279
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3280
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3281
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3282
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3283
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3284
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3285
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3286
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3287
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3288
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3289
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3290
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3291
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3292
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3293
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3294
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3295
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3296
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3297
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3298
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3299
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3300
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3301
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3302
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3303
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3304
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3305
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3306
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3307
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3308
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3309
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3310
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3311
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3312
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3313
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3314
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3315
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3316
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3317
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3318
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3319
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3320
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3321
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3322
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3323
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3324
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3325
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3326
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3327
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3328
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3329
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3330
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3331
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3332
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3333
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3334
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3335
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3336
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3337
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3338
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3339
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3340
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3341
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3342
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3343
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3344
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3345
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3346
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3347
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3348
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3349
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3350
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3351
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3352
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3353
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3354
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3355
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3356
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3357
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3358
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3359
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3360
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3361
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3362
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3363
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3364
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3365
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3366
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3367
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3368
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3369
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3370
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3371
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3372
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3373
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3374
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3375
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3376
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3377
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3378
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3379
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3380
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3381
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3382
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3383
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3384
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3385
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3386
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3387
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3388
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3389
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3390
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3391
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3392
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3393
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3394
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3395
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3396
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3397
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3398
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3399
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3400
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3401
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3402
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3403
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3404
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3405
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3406
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3407
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3408
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3409
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3410
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3411
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3412
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3413
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3414
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3415
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3416
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3417
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3418
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3419
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3420
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3421
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3422
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3423
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3424
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3425
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3426
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3427
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3428
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3429
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3430
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3431
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3432
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3433
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3434
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3435
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3436
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3437
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3438
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3439
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3440
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3441
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3442
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3443
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3444
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3445
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3446
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3447
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3448
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3449
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3450
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3451
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3452
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3453
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3454
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3455
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3456
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3457
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3458
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3459
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3460
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3461
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3462
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3463
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3464
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3465
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3466
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3467
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3468
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3469
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3470
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3471
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3472
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3473
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3474
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3475
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3476
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3477
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3478
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3479
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3480
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3481
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3482
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3483
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3484
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3485
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3486
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3487
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3488
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3489
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3490
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3491
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3492
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3493
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3494
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3495
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3496
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3497
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3498
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3499
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3500
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3501
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3502
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3503
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3504
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3505
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3506
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3507
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3508
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3509
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3510
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3511
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3512
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3513
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3514
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3515
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3516
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3517
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3518
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3519
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3520
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3521
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3522
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3523
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3524
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3525
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3526
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3527
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3528
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3529
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3530
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3531
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3532
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3533
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3534
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3535
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3536
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3537
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3538
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3539
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3540
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3541
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3542
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3543
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3544
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3545
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3546
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3547
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3548
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3549
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3550
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3551
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3552
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3553
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3554
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3555
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3556
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3557
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3558
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3559
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3560
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3561
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3562
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3563
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3564
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3565
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3566
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3567
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3568
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3569
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3570
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3571
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3572
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3573
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3574
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3575
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3576
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3577
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3578
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3579
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3580
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3581
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3582
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3583
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3584
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3585
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3586
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3587
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3588
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3589
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3590
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3591
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3592
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3593
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3594
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3595
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3596
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3597
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3598
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3599
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3600
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3601
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3602
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3603
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3604
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3605
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3606
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3607
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3608
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3609
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3610
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3611
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3612
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3613
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3614
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3615
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3616
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3617
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3618
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3619
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3620
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3621
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3622
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3623
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3624
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3625
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3626
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3627
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3628
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3629
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3630
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3631
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3632
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3633
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3634
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3635
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3636
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3637
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3638
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3639
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3640
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3641
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3642
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3643
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3644
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3645
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3646
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3647
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3648
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3649
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3650
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3651
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3652
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3653
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3654
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3655
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3656
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3657
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3658
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3659
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3660
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3661
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3662
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3663
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3664
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3665
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3666
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3667
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3668
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3669
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3670
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3671
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3672
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3673
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3674
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3675
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3676
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3677
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3678
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3679
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3680
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3681
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3682
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3683
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3684
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3685
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3686
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3687
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3688
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3689
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3690
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3691
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3692
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3693
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3694
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3695
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3696
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3697
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3698
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3699
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3700
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3701
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3702
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3703
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3704
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3705
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3706
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3707
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3708
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3709
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3710
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3711
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3712
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3713
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3714
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3715
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3716
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3717
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3718
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3719
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3720
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3721
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3722
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3723
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3724
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3725
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3726
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3727
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3728
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3729
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3730
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3731
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3732
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3733
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3734
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3735
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3736
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3737
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3738
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3739
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3740
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3741
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3742
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3743
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3744
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3745
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3746
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3747
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3748
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3749
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3750
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3751
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3752
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3753
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3754
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3755
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3756
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3757
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3758
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3759
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3760
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3761
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3762
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3763
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3764
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3765
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3766
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3767
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3768
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3769
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3770
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3771
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3772
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3773
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3774
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3775
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3776
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3777
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3778
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3779
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3780
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3781
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3782
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3783
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3784
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3785
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3786
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3787
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3788
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3789
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3790
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3791
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3792
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3793
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3794
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3795
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3796
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3797
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3798
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3799
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3800
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3801
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3802
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3803
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3804
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3805
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3806
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3807
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3808
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3809
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3810
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3811
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3812
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3813
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3814
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3815
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3816
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3817
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3818
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3819
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3820
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3821
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3822
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3823
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3824
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3825
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3826
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3827
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3828
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3829
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3830
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3831
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3832
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3833
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3834
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3835
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3836
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3837
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3838
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3839
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3840
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3841
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3842
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3843
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3844
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3845
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3846
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3847
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3848
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3849
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3850
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3851
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3852
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3853
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3854
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3855
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3856
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3857
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3858
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3859
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3860
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3861
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3862
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3863
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3864
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3865
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3866
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3867
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3868
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3869
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3870
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3871
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3872
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3873
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3874
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3875
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3876
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3877
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3878
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3879
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3880
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3881
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3882
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3883
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3884
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3885
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3886
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3887
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3888
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3889
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3890
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3891
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3892
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3893
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3894
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3895
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3896
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3897
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3898
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3899
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3900
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3901
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3902
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3903
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3904
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3905
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3906
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3907
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3908
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3909
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3910
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3911
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3912
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3913
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3914
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3915
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3916
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3917
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3918
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3919
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3920
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3921
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3922
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3923
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3924
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3925
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3926
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3927
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3928
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3929
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3930
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3931
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3932
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3933
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3934
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3935
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3936
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3937
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3938
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3939
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3940
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3941
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3942
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3943
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3944
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3945
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
3946
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
3947
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
3948
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
3949
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
3950
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
3951
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
3952
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
3953
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
3954
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
3955
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
3956
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
3957
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
3958
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
3959
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
3960
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
3961
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
3962
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
3963
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
3964
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
3965
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
3966
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
3967
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
3968
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
3969
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
3970
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
3971
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
3972
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
3973
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
3974
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
3975
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
3976
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
3977
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
3978
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
3979
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
3980
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
3981
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
3982
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
3983
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
3984
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
3985
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
3986
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
3987
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
3988
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
3989
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
3990
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
3991
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
3992
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
3993
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
3994
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
3995
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
3996
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
3997
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
3998
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
3999
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
4000
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
4001
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
4002
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
4003
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
4004
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
4005
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
4006
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
4007
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
4008
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
4009
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
4010
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
4011
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
4012
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
4013
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
4014
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
4015
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
4016
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
4017
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
4018
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
4019
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
4020
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
4021
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
4022
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
4023
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
4024
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
4025
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
4026
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
4027
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
4028
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
4029
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
4030
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
4031
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
4032
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
4033
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
4034
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
4035
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
4036
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
4037
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
4038
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
4039
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
4040
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
4041
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
4042
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
4043
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
4044
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
4045
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
4046
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
4047
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
4048
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
4049
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
4050
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
4051
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
4052
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
4053
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
4054
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
4055
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
4056
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
4057
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
4058
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
4059
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
4060
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
4061
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
4062
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
4063
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
4064
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
4065
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
4066
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
4067
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
4068
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
4069
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
4070
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
4071
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
4072
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
4073
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
4074
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
4075
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
4076
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
4077
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
4078
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
4079
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
4080
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
4081
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
4082
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
4083
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
4084
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
4085
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
4086
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
4087
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
4088
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
4089
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
4090
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
4091
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
4092
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
4093
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
4094
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
4095
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
4096
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
4097
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
4098
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
4099
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
4100
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
4101
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
4102
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
4103
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
4104
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
4105
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
4106
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
4107
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
4108
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
4109
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
4110
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
4111
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
4112
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
4113
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
4114
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
4115
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
4116
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
4117
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
4118
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
4119
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
4120
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
4121
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
4122
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
4123
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
4124
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
4125
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
4126
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
4127
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
4128
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
4129
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
4130
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
4131
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
4132
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
4133
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
4134
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
4135
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
4136
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
4137
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
4138
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
4139
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
4140
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
4141
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
4142
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
4143
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
4144
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
4145
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
4146
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
4147
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
4148
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
4149
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
4150
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
4151
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
4152
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
4153
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
4154
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
4155
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
4156
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
4157
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
4158
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
4159
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
4160
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
4161
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
4162
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
4163
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
4164
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
4165
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
4166
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
4167
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
4168
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
4169
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
4170
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
4171
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
4172
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
4173
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
4174
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
4175
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
4176
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
4177
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
4178
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
4179
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
4180
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
4181
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
4182
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
4183
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
4184
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
4185
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
4186
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
4187
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
4188
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
4189
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
4190
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
4191
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
4192
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
4193
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
4194
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
4195
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
4196
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
4197
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
4198
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
4199
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
4200
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
4201
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
4202
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
4203
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
4204
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
4205
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
4206
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
4207
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
4208
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
4209
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
4210
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
4211
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
4212
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
4213
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
4214
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
4215
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
4216
what happened to the Cambodian refugees?
they had psychogenic blindness
So there's nothing physically wrong with them, but they can't see
4217
T/F somatic symptom disorder patients are not very suggestible
false
They are very suggestible
4218
in what kind of culture is there a higher incidence of somatic symptom disorders?
cultures that discourage open discussion of emotions
Cultures that stigmatize psychological disorders
4219
dissociative disorders
disorders that involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
4220
what are the three forms that dissociative disorders can take
dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
4221
dissociative amnesia
A person responds to a stressful event with extensive, selective memory loss
4222
dissociative fugue
person loses all sense of personal identity. They moved to a new place and establish a new identity
4223
dissociative identity disorder
two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
4224
primary/host personality
The personality that appears more often than the others in a dissociative identity disorder
4225
alters
The other personalities (not the host personality) in a dissociative identity disorder
4226
in dissociative identity disorder, how can the personalities differ?
they have their own sets of memories and behaviors
They can have different ages and genders
The personalities may not know about the existence of the others
There can be physiological differences between the personalities
4227
trauma – dissociation theory
developing new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
4228
what are criticisms of dissociative identity disorder diagnosis?
it wasn't diagnosed that often, but after becoming popular in media, it was diagnosed much more
The number of personalities increased from 2 to 15
children with the disorder are rarely reported
4229
schizophrenia
A psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
4230
how much of the Canadian population is affected by schizophrenia?
1%
4231
characteristics of schizophrenia
person misinterprets reality
Disordered attention, thought, perception
Withdrawal from social interaction
Strange/inappropriate communication
Neglecting personal grooming
disorganized behaviour
4232
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained even in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
4233
delusion of persecution
you feel like someone's out to get you/you're in danger
4234
delusion of grandeur
you think something that's very grandiose
Like Jesus Christ is a special agent of yours
4235
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.
4236
what is the most common type of hallucinations for schizophrenic people
auditory hallucinations
4237
how are the emotions of schizophrenic people affected?
blunted affect
Flat affect
Inappropriate affect
4238
blunted affect
manifest less sadness, joy, and anger than most people
4239
flat affect
showing almost no emotion, monotonous voices
4240
inappropriate affect
crying at comedy, smiling when in pain, laughing at tragedy
4241
what were the subcategories of schizophrenia in the DSM-IV
paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
4242
what are catatonic's like
they alternate between stuporous states and agitated excitement
May exhibit waxy flexibility in the stuporous states
4243
waxy flexibility
their limbs can be moulded by another person into grotesque positions that they will then maintain for hours
4244
T/F catatonia can still be diagnosed today
true
4245
what are the categories of schizophrenia we use today?
type one schizophrenia
Type two schizophrenia
4246
type one schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech and thinking
4247
type two schizophrenia
| what is the name for the type of symptoms it has, and what are the symptoms?
has negative symptoms
lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation, absence of normal speech
4248
how do type two schizophrenics fare differently from type one schizophrenics
type two schizophrenics have poor functioning prior to hospitalization, poor outcome following treatments
type one schizophrenics have good functioning prior to the breakdown and a better prognosis for eventual recovery
4249
T/F there is strong evidence that there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
true
4250
how can brain abnormalities cause schizophrenia
mild to moderate brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles can lead to schizophrenia
abnormalities in the thalamus,
4251
Brain atrophy
loss/deterioration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and limbic system
4252
ventricles
cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid
4253
what does the thalamus do
collects and routes sensory information to other parts of the brain
4254
dopamine hypothesis
The symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of dopamine in the areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior, and cognitive functioning
4255
evidence for dopamine hypothesis
schizophrenics have more dopamine receptors on their neuron membranes
The receptors seem to be over reactive to dopamine stimulation
Antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine tend to be more effective to treat schizophrenia
4256
what psychological factors can contribute to schizophrenia
schizophrenics maybe can't filter out irrelevant stimuli
4257
T/F emotional over reactivity can be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia
true
4258
expressed emotion
criticism
Hostility
Overinvolvement
4259
T/F schizophrenics who were treated were more likely to relapse if their families were high in expressed emotion
true
4260
T/F schizophrenia is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations
true
4261
what are the two hypotheses about the relation between poverty and schizophrenia?
social causation hypothesis
Social drift hypothesis
4262
social causation hypothesis
Low income people have more stress, and thus develop schizophrenia more often
4263
social drift hypothesis
as people develop schizophrenia, their functioning deteriorates, it's harder for them to work, they drift down the social economic ladder into poverty
4264
T/F culture has an affect on the prevalence of schizophrenia
false
4265
T/F there's a greater chance of recovery from schizophrenia in developed nations then in developing nations
false
Likelihood of recovery is greater in developing nations
4266
personality disorders
stable, ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
4267
what are the six personality disorders include it in the DSM-V
```
antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
```
4268
what was the previous term for people with antisocial personality disorder
psychopath/sociopaths
4269
is antisocial personality disorder or more common in males or females
males
