Chapter 10 - intelligence Flashcards
T/F intelligence has concrete existence
false
It is a socially constructed concept
what were Galton’s beliefs about mental ability
believed mental ability was inherited, had a biological basis
how did Galton measure mental abilities
measured the efficiency of the nervous system
Tested reaction speed, hand strength, sensory acuity
Measured skull size
what did Alfred Binet do
developed a standardized interview to determine a child’s mental age
what did William stern do
created the idea of an IQ score
formula for IQ
mental age/chronological age
are IQ test today the same as they were originally
no, these days IQ is based on a person’s performance relative to the scores of other people the same age
what did Louis Terman do
modified Binets test for use in the United States
called the Stanford-Binet
consisted of mostly verbal items
what did David Wechsler do
develop intelligence test for adults and for children that measured both verbal and nonverbal intellectual skills
WAIS
adult intelligence scale
WISC
intelligence scale for children
psychometrics
statistical study of psychological tests
Factor analysis
reduces a large number of measures to a smaller number of clusters/factors
Each cluster has variables that correlate highly with one another but less highly with variables another clusters
can factor analysis tell us what the sets of tests are measuring?
no, it can only identify the clusters for us
what did Charles Spearman believe
intellectual performance is determined by general intelligence (G factor) and specific skills
what did LL thuirstone believe
human mental performance depends on primary mental abilities
seven primary mental abilities
Space Verbal comprehension Word fluency Number facility Perceptual speed Rote memory Reasoning
primary mental ability: space
reasoning about visual scenes
primary mental ability: verbal comprehension
understanding verbal statements
primary mental abilities: word fluency
producing verbal statements
primary mental abilities: number facility
dealing with numbers
primary mental abilities: perceptual speed
recognizing visual patterns
primary mental abilities: rote memory
memorizing
primary mental abilities: reasoning
dealing with novel problems