Chapter 16; Psychological and Biological Treatments Flashcards
who seeks and benefits from treatment
women, caucasian, and financially stable people are more likely to seek out therapy, but it benefits everyone
paraprofessionals
person with no professional training who provide mental health services
professionals
clinical psychologists, mental health counsellors, clinical social workers, understand the mental health system, appreciate ethical issues, can select best treatment
insight therapies and the approaches
psychotherapies with the goal of expanding awareness or insight, include group therapy, person-centered therapy, and psychoanalysis
psychoanalysis and techniques it uses
therapy with the goal of decreasing guilt/frustration, and make the unconscious conscious, use approaches such as
1. free association
2. Interpretation
3. transference
free association
technique in which clients say whatever comes to mind without censorship
interpretation
formulation of explanations of what is going on in a persons unconscious to cause their problems
transference
clients projection of intense, unrealistic feelings/expectations from their past onto the therapist. This is a vehicle for clients to understand their irrational expectations
person-centred therapy
humanistic, non-directive therapy that helps clients realize their true potential, clients can use the therapy time however they want, therapist must express unconditional positive regard: nonjudgmental acceptance of all feelings the client expresses
what is the purpose of unconditional positive regard
allows clients to reclaim aspects of their “true selves” disowned earlier to others placing conditions of worth on them, ei. accept themselves
group therapy and its benefits
therapy that treats more than 1 person at a time, is efficient, time saving, less costly, can practice new skills, modelling, addresses isolation, provides support
what is the difference between group therapy and AA
AA is a self-help group: composed of peers who share a similar problem and doesn’t include a mental health specialist
relapse prevention treatment
assumes that many people with addiction will at some point experience a lapse and prepares for it
abstinence violation effect
negative feelings about a slip can lead to continued drinking
behavioural therapy
focus on specific problem behaviours and current variables that maintain problematic behaviours, ex. SD/ flooding therapy
systematic desensitization and what its based on
patients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in the form of imagined scenarios in a step-wise manner, based on counter conditioning; reciprocal inhibition: clients can’t experience 2 conflicting responses simultaneously
flooding therapies
jump to the top of the anxiety hierarchy and expose clients to images of the stimuli they fear most for prolonged periods until they are extinct
cognitive-behavioural therapies
treatments that attempt to replace maladaptive or irrational cognitions with more adaptive, rational cognitions
Rational emotive behavioural therapy
therapy focussed on changing how we think and act, based on the ABCs
ABCs
A: activating event, B: beliefs/emotions, C: consequences, D: dispute irrational beliefs, E: adopt more effective and rational beliefs
Acceptance and commitment therapy
teaches people to accept their thoughts, and negative thoughts are just thoughts, not facts
Dodo bird verdict
all psychotherapies are equally effective, potentially due to nonspecific factors
nonspecific factors
those that cut across many or most therapies, include:
1.empathetic listening
2.instilling hope
3.establishing strong emotional bond
4.providing clear rationale for treatment
5.implementing new techniques that offer new ways of thinking
empirically supported treatment (ESTs)
intervention for specific disorders supported by high-quality scientific evidence
