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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 16: Nutrition and the Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Nutrition and the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Breaking down food into simpler substances that the cells can use is the process of

A

Digestion

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2
Q

Mastication is the process of

A

Chewing

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3
Q

Fats plus lipase plus water produces

A

Glycerol

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4
Q

The digestion of the food begins in the mouth through the action of the enzyme ___

A

Amylase

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5
Q

The lining of the entire alimentary canal has _____ layers or also known as ______

A

4 Layers

Tunics

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6
Q

The _________ is responsible for propelling food along by Peristalsis

A

Tunica Muscularis

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7
Q

The Mesentery is an extension of the ___ ____

A

Visceral Peritoneum

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8
Q

The Anterior part of the roof of the mouth is the ______

A

Hard Palate

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9
Q

The septum dividing the tongue

A

Lingual Frenulum

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10
Q

The tongue is supported by the ____ bone

A

Hyoid

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11
Q

Saliva is mostly water, but an important chemical activator in it is

A

Chloride

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12
Q

If the mumps virus infects the pancreas, it can cause

A

Diabetes

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13
Q

The _____ extend slightly into each tooth socket

A

Gingivae

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14
Q

Infants teeth are called ____ teeth

A

Deciduous (Temporary)

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15
Q

Teeth can have as many as ___ root projections

A

three

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16
Q

Tooth decay is also called

A

Dental caries

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17
Q

The three parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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18
Q

The tube connecting the laryngopharynx and the stomach is the _____

A

Esophagus

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19
Q

The Esophagus passes through the _____ and ______

A

Mediastinum and Diaphragm

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20
Q

The stomach begins with the ______ and ends at the ____

A

Duodenum

Ileum

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21
Q

Ulcers can be caused by excess ___ or ___

A

Acid

Bacteria

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22
Q

Alpha and beta cells of the pancreas secrete ___ and ___

A

Glucagon

insulin

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23
Q

Another cell of the pancreas that secretes enzymes

A

Acini

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24
Q

There are ____ major functions of the liver

A

six

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25
The functions of the gallbladder are ____ and ____
Storage | Concentration
26
The walls of the small intestine are protected from digestion by ____
Mucus
27
The folds of the small intestine are called ____, and the projections ____
Plicae | Villi
28
The bowel begins with the ____ and ends at the ____ canal
Cecum | Anal Canal
29
The end of the alimentary canal is the _____
anus
30
The final act of the digestive system is ______
Defecation
31
Hepatitis can be caused by the virus ___ or _____
A and B
32
Gallstones are caused by
Cholesterol
33
A chronic, inflammatory bowel disease with unknown origin is
Crohn's Disease
34
Diverticulosis is a disorder characterized by ______ in the muscular layer of the colon
Herniation
35
Inflammation and enlargement of rectal veins is _____ or _____
Hemorrhoids or piles
36
The taste of ____ was identified by Japanese researchers. It detects the flavor of MSG
Glutamic Acid
37
Stomach cancer produces gastric tumors called ____
.
38
____ Cancer is an uncommon but deadly cancer. It occurs more often in men than in women.
.
39
Degenerative liver disease
Cirrhosis
40
Inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn's Disease
41
Rectal Vein Enlargement
Hemorrhoids
42
Digest food to the cardiovascular system
Absorption
43
Gastrointestinal tract
Alimentary canal
44
Visceral Peritoneum
Tunica Serosa
45
Posterior roof of the mouth
Soft Palate
46
Septum divides the tongue
Lingual Frenulum
47
Impoant in licking
Filiform Papillae
48
Salivary Enzyme
Amylase
49
Premolar
Bicuspid
50
Three cusps
Tricuspid
51
Enamel Covering
Crown
52
Tube behind the trachea
Esophagus
53
Rounded portion above the cardia
Fundus
54
Principal gastic enzyme
Pepsinogen
55
Duct of Wirsung
Pancreatic Duct
56
Second portion of the large intestine
Jejunum
57
First part of the large intestine
Cecum
58
Colon joins the rectum
Sigmoid Colon
59
Process of taking nutrients into the blood for transport to cells
Absorption
60
Enzyme in saliva breaks down starch
Amylase
61
Opening at the base of each root canal
Apical Foramen
62
Located in the submucosa of the duodenum, they secrete alkaline mucus
Brunner's glands/Duodenal glands
63
Part of the stomach that surrounds the gastroesophageal sphincter
Cardia
64
Covers the dentin of the root and attaches the root to the periodontal ligament
Cementum.
65
digested, viscous, semilfluid contents of the intestine
Chyme
66
Papillae located on the back of the tongue containing taset buds
Circumvallate Papillae
67
Pits lining the mucosa of the small intestine. Also known as Intestinal glands
Crypt of Lieberkuhn
68
Inability of the large intestine to absorb water; therefore, the fecal material is liquid and flushes through the intestine, carrying excess material from the intestine
Diarrhea
69
Process of breaking down complex foods into simple nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the cells
Digestion
70
Opening through the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes
Esophageal Hiatus
71
Separates the liver into right and left lobes
Falciform ligament
72
The rounded portion of the stomach above and left of the cardia. It is dome-shaped portion of the uterus above the uterin tubes
Fundus
73
Located toward the back of the tongue and contains taste buds
Fungiform Papillae
74
Anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
Hard Palate
75
Natural pouhces in the large intestine
Haustrae
76
Bacterium associated with the development of stomach or peptic ulcers
Helicobacter Pylori
77
The opening from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine
Ileocecal Valve
78
Eat bacteria and old white and red blood cells which is found in the lier
Kupffer's cells
79
Third layer of the tunica mucosa
Muscularis Mucosa
80
Secretes hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Parietal Cells
81
Digestive chemical found in the stomach
Pepsin
82
Principal Castric Enzyme
Pepsinogen
83
Involuntary smooth muscle movement pushing materials through the alimentary canal
Peristalsis
84
Series of folds along the walls of the small intestine
Plicae
85
The transverse colon
Right Colic (Hepatic) Flexure
86
Folds in the wall of the stomach
Rugae
87
V-shaped piece of tissue hanging form the posterior palate
Uvula
88
Secrete pepsinogen in the stomach.
Zymogenic/Chief Cells

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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