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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 16: Nutrition and the Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Nutrition and the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Breaking down food into simpler substances that the cells can use is the process of

A

Digestion

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2
Q

Mastication is the process of

A

Chewing

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3
Q

Fats plus lipase plus water produces

A

Glycerol

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4
Q

The digestion of the food begins in the mouth through the action of the enzyme ___

A

Amylase

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5
Q

The lining of the entire alimentary canal has _____ layers or also known as ______

A

4 Layers

Tunics

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6
Q

The _________ is responsible for propelling food along by Peristalsis

A

Tunica Muscularis

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7
Q

The Mesentery is an extension of the ___ ____

A

Visceral Peritoneum

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8
Q

The Anterior part of the roof of the mouth is the ______

A

Hard Palate

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9
Q

The septum dividing the tongue

A

Lingual Frenulum

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10
Q

The tongue is supported by the ____ bone

A

Hyoid

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11
Q

Saliva is mostly water, but an important chemical activator in it is

A

Chloride

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12
Q

If the mumps virus infects the pancreas, it can cause

A

Diabetes

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13
Q

The _____ extend slightly into each tooth socket

A

Gingivae

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14
Q

Infants teeth are called ____ teeth

A

Deciduous (Temporary)

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15
Q

Teeth can have as many as ___ root projections

A

three

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16
Q

Tooth decay is also called

A

Dental caries

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17
Q

The three parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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18
Q

The tube connecting the laryngopharynx and the stomach is the _____

A

Esophagus

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19
Q

The Esophagus passes through the _____ and ______

A

Mediastinum and Diaphragm

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20
Q

The stomach begins with the ______ and ends at the ____

A

Duodenum

Ileum

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21
Q

Ulcers can be caused by excess ___ or ___

A

Acid

Bacteria

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22
Q

Alpha and beta cells of the pancreas secrete ___ and ___

A

Glucagon

insulin

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23
Q

Another cell of the pancreas that secretes enzymes

A

Acini

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24
Q

There are ____ major functions of the liver

A

six

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25
Q

The functions of the gallbladder are ____ and ____

A

Storage

Concentration

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26
Q

The walls of the small intestine are protected from digestion by ____

A

Mucus

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27
Q

The folds of the small intestine are called ____, and the projections ____

A

Plicae

Villi

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28
Q

The bowel begins with the ____ and ends at the ____ canal

A

Cecum

Anal Canal

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29
Q

The end of the alimentary canal is the _____

A

anus

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30
Q

The final act of the digestive system is ______

A

Defecation

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31
Q

Hepatitis can be caused by the virus ___ or _____

A

A and B

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32
Q

Gallstones are caused by

A

Cholesterol

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33
Q

A chronic, inflammatory bowel disease with unknown origin is

A

Crohn’s Disease

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34
Q

Diverticulosis is a disorder characterized by ______ in the muscular layer of the colon

A

Herniation

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35
Q

Inflammation and enlargement of rectal veins is _____ or _____

A

Hemorrhoids or piles

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36
Q

The taste of ____ was identified by Japanese researchers. It detects the flavor of MSG

A

Glutamic Acid

37
Q

Stomach cancer produces gastric tumors called ____

38
Q

____ Cancer is an uncommon but deadly cancer. It occurs more often in men than in women.

39
Q

Degenerative liver disease

40
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease

A

Crohn’s Disease

41
Q

Rectal Vein Enlargement

A

Hemorrhoids

42
Q

Digest food to the cardiovascular system

A

Absorption

43
Q

Gastrointestinal tract

A

Alimentary canal

44
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Tunica Serosa

45
Q

Posterior roof of the mouth

A

Soft Palate

46
Q

Septum divides the tongue

A

Lingual Frenulum

47
Q

Impoant in licking

A

Filiform Papillae

48
Q

Salivary Enzyme

49
Q

Premolar

50
Q

Three cusps

51
Q

Enamel Covering

52
Q

Tube behind the trachea

53
Q

Rounded portion above the cardia

54
Q

Principal gastic enzyme

A

Pepsinogen

55
Q

Duct of Wirsung

A

Pancreatic Duct

56
Q

Second portion of the large intestine

57
Q

First part of the large intestine

58
Q

Colon joins the rectum

A

Sigmoid Colon

59
Q

Process of taking nutrients into the blood for transport to cells

A

Absorption

60
Q

Enzyme in saliva breaks down starch

61
Q

Opening at the base of each root canal

A

Apical Foramen

62
Q

Located in the submucosa of the duodenum, they secrete alkaline mucus

A

Brunner’s glands/Duodenal glands

63
Q

Part of the stomach that surrounds the gastroesophageal sphincter

64
Q

Covers the dentin of the root and attaches the root to the periodontal ligament

65
Q

digested, viscous, semilfluid contents of the intestine

66
Q

Papillae located on the back of the tongue containing taset buds

A

Circumvallate Papillae

67
Q

Pits lining the mucosa of the small intestine. Also known as Intestinal glands

A

Crypt of Lieberkuhn

68
Q

Inability of the large intestine to absorb water; therefore, the fecal material is liquid and flushes through the intestine, carrying excess material from the intestine

69
Q

Process of breaking down complex foods into simple nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the cells

70
Q

Opening through the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes

A

Esophageal Hiatus

71
Q

Separates the liver into right and left lobes

A

Falciform ligament

72
Q

The rounded portion of the stomach above and left of the cardia. It is dome-shaped portion of the uterus above the uterin tubes

73
Q

Located toward the back of the tongue and contains taste buds

A

Fungiform Papillae

74
Q

Anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

A

Hard Palate

75
Q

Natural pouhces in the large intestine

76
Q

Bacterium associated with the development of stomach or peptic ulcers

A

Helicobacter Pylori

77
Q

The opening from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine

A

Ileocecal Valve

78
Q

Eat bacteria and old white and red blood cells which is found in the lier

A

Kupffer’s cells

79
Q

Third layer of the tunica mucosa

A

Muscularis Mucosa

80
Q

Secretes hydrochloric acid in the stomach

A

Parietal Cells

81
Q

Digestive chemical found in the stomach

82
Q

Principal Castric Enzyme

A

Pepsinogen

83
Q

Involuntary smooth muscle movement pushing materials through the alimentary canal

A

Peristalsis

84
Q

Series of folds along the walls of the small intestine

85
Q

The transverse colon

A

Right Colic (Hepatic) Flexure

86
Q

Folds in the wall of the stomach

87
Q

V-shaped piece of tissue hanging form the posterior palate

88
Q

Secrete pepsinogen in the stomach.

A

Zymogenic/Chief Cells

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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