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biology final > Chapter 16 Intro to Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Intro to Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is ecology?

A

the study of the interaction of living organisms with one another and with their physical environment

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2
Q

What is a habitat?

A

where an organisms lives

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3
Q

What is a community?

A

many different organisms living together in a habitat

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4
Q

What does an ecosystem consist of?

A

a community and the physical aspects of its habitat

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5
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

nonliving

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6
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

living

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7
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

the # of living species in an ecosystem

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8
Q

More biodiversity means what?

A

more stability in a community

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9
Q

How is a habitat created?

A

when a volcano forms a new island or a glacier recedes and exposes bare rock

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10
Q

If a glacier recedes and exposes bare rock what happens?

A

a new habitat is formed

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11
Q

What is a pioneer species?

A

the new first organism to live in a new habitat

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12
Q

Name two pioneer species.

A

lichen and mosses

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13
Q

The new first organism to live in a new habitat is called what?

A

a pioneer species

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14
Q

Define succession.

A

the regular progression of species replacement in an area

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15
Q

Give an example of succession.

A

Lichen to Grasses/shrubs to Trees

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16
Q

Define primary succession.

A

succession where no previous plants have ever grown

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17
Q

Define secondary succession.

A

succession in an area that was cleared by a fire or forest clearing

18
Q

What are producers?

A

autotrophs that capture solar energy from the sun

19
Q

What is gross primary productivity?

A

the rate at which producers in an ecosystem capture energy

20
Q

What is biomass?

A

the organic material producers make

21
Q

How do producers add biomass to an ecosystem?

A

by making organic molecules

22
Q

What is net primary productivity?

A

this is the rate at which biomass accumulates in an ecosystem

23
Q

Name the types of consumers.

A

herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and detritivores

24
Q

Consumers are what?

A

heterotrophs

25
Q

What do herbivores eat?

A

they eat producers (plants)

26
Q

What do carnivores eat?

A

other consumers

27
Q

What do omnivores eat?

A

they eat consumers and producers

28
Q

What are detritivores?

A

Consumers that feed on dead producers and consumers

29
Q

Give an example of detritivores.

A

fungus and bacteria

30
Q

What are decomposers essential for?

A

the recycling of nutrients and minerals back into the ecosystem

31
Q

How do scientists study energy flow through an ecosystem?

A

they assign organisms to a trophic level based on its source of energy

32
Q

The path of energy through trophic levels can be illustrated in what?

A

a food chain

33
Q

The lowest trophic level is ALWAYS occupied by what?

A

the producers

34
Q

Give an example of an aquatic food chain.

A

Algae -> Krill -> Cod -> Leopard Seal -> Killer whale

35
Q

What do the arrows in a food chain/web represent?

A

the flow of energy/ where the energy traveled to

36
Q

What does a food web show?

A

two or more food chains interconnected

37
Q

What is lost from one trophic level to the next.

A

energy

38
Q

How many energy is passed to the next trophic level?

A

10%

39
Q

What does an energy pyramid show?

A

how much energy is passed up from one trophic level to the next

40
Q

What are biogeochemical cycles?

A

The path of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous passing from the nonliving environment to the living organisms and then to the nonliving environment.

41
Q

Name the three cycles that are included in the biogeochemical cycles.

A

the water cycle, the carbon cycle, and the nitrogen cycle

biology final (9 decks)

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