Ch 17 Biological communities

Question 1

What is coevolution? (ch. 17)

Answer 1

the back and forth evolutionary adjustments between interacting members of an ecosystem

Question 2

What is symbiosis?

Answer 2

two or more species live together in a close, long-term association

Question 3

Name the 3 types of symbiosis.

Answer 3

parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism

Question 4

Describe a parasitism relationship.

Answer 4

helped/ harmed

Question 5

Describe a commensalism relationship.

Answer 5

helped/Neutral

Question 6

Describe a mutualism relationship.

Answer 6

helped/helped

Question 7

Give an example of a parasitism relationship.

Answer 7

wasp & caterpillar

Question 8

Give an example of a commensalism relationship.

Answer 8

damselfly & red mites

Question 9

Give an example of a mutualism relationship.

Answer 9

nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes

Question 10

What is competition?

Answer 10

2 different species use the same resource (water, light, space, food)

Question 11

What is a niche?

Answer 11

an organism’s role in its community (its job)

Question 12

What is fundamental niche?

Answer 12

the entire range an organism is potentially able to occupy within an ecosystem

Question 13

What is a realized niche?

Answer 13

where an organism actually occupies

Question 14

What is climate?

Answer 14

the weather conditions in an area

Question 15

What two aspects of climate determine what type of community is found in an area?

Answer 15

Temperature and precipitation

Question 16

What is a biome?

Answer 16

a major biological community that occurs over a large area of land

Question 17

What are the seven biomes?

Answer 17

tropical rain forest, savannas, taiga, tundra, temperate forest, deserts, and temperate grasslands

Question 18

Name the 3 aquatic biomes.

Answer 18

freshwater habitats, wetlands, and marine biomes

Question 19

Freshwater habitats include what?

Answer 19

streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds.

Question 20

Name the three zones ponds and lake have.

Answer 20

littoral, limnetic, and profundal

Question 21

Where is the littoral zone located?

Answer 21

near shore

Question 22

Where is the limnetic zone located?

Answer 22

far from shore but close to surface

Question 23

Where is the profundal zone locates?

Answer 23

deep-water zone where light can’t penetrate

Question 24

What does the wetlands include?

Answer 24

marshes, swamps, and bogs

Question 25

What does the marine biome include?

Answer 25

oceans ans seas

Question 26

Name the four zones of the marine biomes.

Answer 26

intertidal, neritic, oceanic, benthic

Question 27

What marine biome zone rivals the diversity of a tropical rain forest?

Answer 27

the benthic zone

Question 28

Describe the benthic zone of the marine zone.

Answer 28

total darkness, deep cold, and under great pressure

Question 29

What is plankton composed of?

Answer 29

bacteria, algae, fish larvae, and many small invertebrate animals