Ch 17 Biological communities Flashcards
What is coevolution? (ch. 17)
the back and forth evolutionary adjustments between interacting members of an ecosystem
What is symbiosis?
two or more species live together in a close, long-term association
Name the 3 types of symbiosis.
parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism
Describe a parasitism relationship.
helped/ harmed
Describe a commensalism relationship.
helped/Neutral
Describe a mutualism relationship.
helped/helped
Give an example of a parasitism relationship.
wasp & caterpillar
Give an example of a commensalism relationship.
damselfly & red mites
Give an example of a mutualism relationship.
nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes
What is competition?
2 different species use the same resource (water, light, space, food)
What is a niche?
an organism’s role in its community (its job)
What is fundamental niche?
the entire range an organism is potentially able to occupy within an ecosystem
What is a realized niche?
where an organism actually occupies
What is climate?
the weather conditions in an area
What two aspects of climate determine what type of community is found in an area?
Temperature and precipitation
What is a biome?
a major biological community that occurs over a large area of land
What are the seven biomes?
tropical rain forest, savannas, taiga, tundra, temperate forest, deserts, and temperate grasslands
Name the 3 aquatic biomes.
freshwater habitats, wetlands, and marine biomes
Freshwater habitats include what?
streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds.
Name the three zones ponds and lake have.
littoral, limnetic, and profundal
Where is the littoral zone located?
near shore
Where is the limnetic zone located?
far from shore but close to surface
Where is the profundal zone locates?
deep-water zone where light can’t penetrate
What does the wetlands include?
marshes, swamps, and bogs
