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2022 - FIRE FIGHTER I & II - JDS > CHAPTER 16 - FIRE STREAMS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 16 - FIRE STREAMS Flashcards

1
Q

Quantity of heat absorbed by a substance at the point at which it changes from a liquid to a vapor

A

Latent heat of vaporization

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2
Q

Loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of firehose, pipes, fittings, and adapters

A

Friction loss

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3
Q

Force created by the rapid deceleration of water causing a violent increase in pressure that can be powerful enough to rupture piping or damage fixtures.

A

Waterhammer

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4
Q

Stream of water or other water-based extinguishing agent after it leaves the fire hose and nozzle until it reaches the desired point

A

Fire stream

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5
Q

The minimum flow rate at which extinguishment can be achieved

A

Critical flowrate

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6
Q

Hose stream that stays together as a solid mass, as opposed to a fog or spray stream

A

Solid stream

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7
Q

Velocity pressure at which water is discharged from the nozzle

A

Nozzle pressure

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8
Q

Fire stream of finely divided particles used for fire control

A

Fog stream

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9
Q

A nozzle with a straight, Smooth tip, designed to produce a solid fire stream

A

Smoothbore nozzle

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10
Q

And adjustable pattern nozzle equipped with a shut off control device

A

Fog nozzle

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11
Q

Semi solid stream that is produced by a fog nozzle

A

Straight stream

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12
Q

Stream of water that has been broken into coarsely divided drops

A

Broken stream

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13
Q

Large caliber water stream usually supplied by combining two or more hose lines into a manifold device or by fixed piping that delivers 350 gallons per minute or more

A

Master stream

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14
Q

Valve having a ball shaped internal component with a hole through its center that permits water to flow through when aligned with the waterway

A

Ball valve

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15
Q

Counter force directed against a person holding a nozzle or a device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged

A

Nozzle reaction

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16
Q

The primary way water extinguishes fire is by absorbing heat. True or false?

A

True

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17
Q

Water broken into small particles absorbs heat last rapidly than water in a compact solid stream. True or false?

A

False – absorbs more rapidly

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18
Q

Steam produced during the firefighting is an unintended byproduct of water used as an extinguishing agent. True or false?

A

False – it is necessary for effective and efficient use of water

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19
Q

To extinguish a fire by cooling, the heat absorbing capability of the fire stream must exceed the heat output of fire.

A

True

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20
Q

Once the nozzle pressure has produced a fog stream with maximum reach, increasing nozzle pressure does little more then increase the volume of water flowing. True or false?

A

True

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21
Q

NFPA 1963 statuses three general categories of nozzles; straight Tip, spray, and piercing. True or false?

A

False – two categories; straight Tip and spray

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22
Q

A celler nozzle is usually controlled by a valve located one section of hose away from the nozzle. True or false?

A

True

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23
Q

Rotary control valves control both the flow of water and the discharge pattern of the fire stream. True or false?

A

True

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24
Q

As a fog pattern widens, the nozzle reaction increases and the nozzle becomes more difficult to handle. True or false?

A

False – the reaction decreases

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25
Q

Basic nozzle maintenance, care, and cleaning should always be performed according to the manufacturers recommendations. True or false?

A

True

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26
Q

During a training evolution, the operator of the hand of line quickly closed the nozzle control valve. The hose line and water pump or damaged by the resulting pressure surge, referred to as______.

A

Waterhammer

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27
Q

Observations and tests classify streams that do not lose continuity until after the break over point and that are cohesive enough to maintain their original shape and attain the required height as______.

A

Effective streams

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28
Q

Large volume fire streams are created by apparatus mounted pipes. These streams, which can be fed by one or more 2 1/2 or 3 inch hose lines or large diameter hose lines, are called_____.

A

Master stream

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29
Q

One type of valve, when fully open, gives maximum flow and performance. This valve, which provides effective control with minimum effort, Is the______.

A

Ball valve

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30
Q

Water flowing from a nozzle creates a force in the direction of the stream and equal force in the opposite direction, pushing back against the operator. This force that acts against the nozzle and the curves in the hose line, and can make the nozzle difficult to handle, is called_____.

A

Nozzle reaction

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31
Q

Fire stream that discharges less than 40 gallons per minute

A

Low-volume stream

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32
Q

Fire stream that discharges more than 350 gallons per minute

A

Master stream

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33
Q

Fire stream that discharges from 40 to 350 gallons per minute

A

Hand line stream

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34
Q

Fire stream that is supplied by a large diameter hose line

A

Master stream

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35
Q

Fire stream that is supplied by 1 1/2 to 3 inch hose

A

Hand line stream

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36
Q

Fire stream that is supplied by one or more 2 1/2 or 3 inch hose lines

A

Master stream

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37
Q

Firescreen that is supplied by 3/4 inch, 1 inch, or one and a half inch hose lines

A

Low-volume stream

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38
Q

Compact stream with a little shower or spray

A

Solid stream

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39
Q

Find the spray composed of tiny water droplets

A

Fog stream

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40
Q

Stream broken into coarsely divide droplets

A

Broken stream

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41
Q

Produced by fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle

A

Solid stream

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42
Q

Has characteristics most similar to solid stream

A

Straight stream

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43
Q

Able to reach areas other streams might not reach

A

Solid stream

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44
Q

Created by cellar, penetrating, and chimney nozzles

A

Broken stream

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45
Q

Semi solid stream produced by an adjustable nozzle

A

Straight stream

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46
Q

Can be used for crew protection, and to cool the hot fire gas layer

A

Fog stream

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47
Q

Exposes maximum surface for greatest heat absorption per gallon

A

Fog stream

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48
Q

Produces less steam conversion and less heat absorption per gallon

A

Solid stream

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49
Q

Can have narrow too wide pattern produced by adjustable pattern nozzle

A

Fog stream

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50
Q

Used to extinguish fires in attics, cocklofts, basements and other enclosed spaces.

A

Broken stream

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51
Q

And adjustable pattern fog nozzle in which the rated discharge is delivered at a designed nozzle pressure and nozzle setting

A

Basic fog nozzle

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52
Q

And adjustable pattern fog nozzle in which the pressure remains relatively constant through a range of discharge rates

A

Constant pressure (automatic) fog nozzle

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53
Q

An adjustable pattern fog nozzle that discharges a constant discharge rate throughout the range of patterns at a designed nozzle pressure

A

Constant gallonage fog nozzle

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54
Q

A constant discharge rate fog nozzle with a feature that allows manual adjustment of the orifice to affect a predetermined discharge rate while the nozzle is flowing

A

Constant/select gallonage fog nozzle

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55
Q

Approximately how many BTU per pound is required to vaporize water at the boiling point?

A

970

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56
Q

What will cause the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases in a compartment to expand downward?

A

Steamer formed in contact with hot surfaces

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57
Q

An increase and water pressure at the nozzle might be caused by:

A

Placing the nozzle below the fire pump

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58
Q

If the nozzle is above the fire pump, nozzle pressure is_____.

A

Decreased

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59
Q

Fire stream patterns are defined by the volume of water flowing from the nozzle per minute and the:

A

Specific pattern or shape of the water after it leaves the nozzle

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60
Q

In actual operation, fire stream angles between____provide maximum reach.

A

30 to 34°

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61
Q

Smoothbore nozzle’s are usually operated at___PSI.

A

50

62
Q

Which nozzle creates a straight stream?

A

Fog nozzle

63
Q

Which nozzle is used to apply water in confined spaces that attack hose lines cannot reach?

A

Piercing nozzle

64
Q

Which nozzle control valves stops the flow of water by rotating a smooth waterway perpendicular to the flow of water?

A

Ball valve

65
Q

The primary way water extinguishes fire is by excluding oxygen to the fuel. True or false?

A

False

66
Q

To prevent water hammer, valves, nozzles, and hydrants should be closed slowly. True or false?

A

True

67
Q

Rotary control valves control both the flow of water and the discharge pattern of a fire stream. True or false?

A

True

68
Q

Nozzles should be stored with the control valve bale in the open position. True or false?

A

False

69
Q

The energy required to change a liquid into a vapor is:

A

Latent heat of vaporization

70
Q

Friction loss may be overcome by:

A

Adding additional parallel hose lines

71
Q

Which fire stream is supplied by 1 1/2 to 3 inch hose, and discharges from 40 to 35 gallons per minute?

A

Hand line stream

72
Q

Which fire stream pattern has the ability to reach areas other streams might not reach?

A

Solid stream

73
Q

Which type of nozzle can be adjusted, resulting in different patterns?

A

Fog

74
Q

Which type of nozzle can be used to affectively control fires in concealed spaces?

A

Piercing

75
Q

The type of nozzle control valve that seals a movable cylinder against a shaped cone to turn off the flow of water is the:

A

Slide valve

76
Q

When operating a hand line, a firefighter should open the control valve slowly:

A

To better control nozzle reaction

77
Q

Foam works by forming a blanket of foam on the surface of burning liquid and solid fuels. True or false?

A

True

78
Q

Foam concentrate, water, and air can be mixed in almost any proportion to produce good quality foam. True or false?

A

False – must be present and blended in the correct ratios removing any elements results in either no foam production or poor quality foam

79
Q

Extinguishing agent formed by mixing a foam concentrate with water and aerating the solution for expansion

A

Foam

80
Q

Chemical compound solution that is mixed with water and air to produce finished foam

A

Foam concentrate

81
Q

Device that introduces foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution

A

Foam proportioner

82
Q

Mixture of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air

A

Foam solution

83
Q

Completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution

A

Finished foam

84
Q

Results of adding air to a foam solution consisting of water and foam concentrate

A

Foam expansion

85
Q

Foam specially designed for use on class A combustibles

A

Class A foam

86
Q

Chemical that lowers the surface tension of the liquid; allows water to spread more rapidly over the surface of class a fuels and penetrates organic fuels

A

Surfactant

87
Q

The effect of the surfactant on the water/concentrate solution

A

Surface tension

88
Q

Foam designed for use on unignited or ignited class B flammable or combustible liquids

A

Class B foam

89
Q

Synthetic phone concentrate that, when combined with water, can form a complete vapor barrier over fuel spills and is a highly effective extinguishing and blanketing agent on hydrocarbon fuels

A

Aqueous film forming foam

90
Q

Foam concentrate that combines the qualities of fluoroprotein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam

A

Film forming fluoroprotein foam

91
Q

Having a thick, sticky, adhesive consistency

A

Viscous

92
Q

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

A

pH

93
Q

Mixing of water with an appropriate amount of foam concentrate to form a foam solution

A

Proportioning

94
Q

Process used to mix foam concentrate with water and a nozzle or proportioner; concentrate is drawn into the water stream by the Venturi method

A

Eduction

95
Q

Physical law stating that one of fluid, such as water or air, is forced under pressure through a restricted orifice, there is an increase in the velocity of the fluid passing through orifice and a corresponding decrease in the pressure exerted against the sides of the constriction

A

Venturi principal

96
Q

Method of proportioning phone that uses and external pump or head pressure to force phone concentrate into the fire stream at the correct ratio for the flow desired

A

Injection

97
Q

Mixing premeasured portions of water in foam concentrate into a container

A

Pre-mixing

98
Q

Generic term used to describe a high-energy foam generation system of a water pump a foam proportioning system and an air compressor that injects air into the foam solution before it enters a hose line

A

Compressed air foam system

99
Q

Eductor that is placed along the length of a hoseline

A

In-line Eductor

100
Q

Any nozzle that can be safe we handled by 1-3 firefighters and flows less than 350 gallons per minute

A

Handline nozzle

101
Q

Form provided by the manufacturer and blender of chemicals that contains info about chemical compound, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures, of the specific material

A

Safety data sheet

102
Q

Ethanol or ethanol-based fuels require alcohol resistant foams for extinguishment. True or false?

A

True

103
Q

In-line foam eductors are the most common type of foam proportioner currently in use. True or false?

A

True

104
Q

Compressed air foam systems are common portable foam proportioning devices. True or false?

A

True

105
Q

Smoothbore nozzle’s may be used to apply a wide range of foam solutions. True or false?

A

False – it is limited to certain types

106
Q

Air aspirating foam nozzles are the most effective appliance for the generation of low expansion foam. True or false?

A

True

107
Q

When applying phone to a pool of liquid fuel, the operator should stop periodically to see if the fire is extinguished before the pool is covered. True or false?

A

False – continue until entire surface is covered and fire is extinguished

108
Q

Foam concentrate compose serious health risk to firefighters. True or false?

A

False – they pose minimal health risks

109
Q

Class a foams will not extinguish class B fires; class B foams designed solely for hydrocarbon fires Will not extinguish polar solvent fires. To be effective, foam concentrates must match______.

A

The fuel to which they are applied

110
Q

For maximum effectiveness, foam concentrates must be proportioned at the specific percentage for which they were designed. Failure to follow proportioning procedures will result in____.

A

Poor quality foam that may not perform as desired

111
Q

In addition to a pump to supply water and a firehose to transport it, two other pieces of equipment are needed to produce a foam fire stream: A foam proportioner and ________.

A

A foam delivery device

112
Q

The ________ adds air into the foam solution to produce finished foam.

A

Foam generating system/nozzle

113
Q

An appropriate amount of foam concentrate is introduced into the water stream by the___.

A

Foam proportioner

114
Q

Two basic types of medium and high expansion foam generating devices are water aspirating type nozzles and__________.

A

Mechanical blower

115
Q

Create a barrier between the fuel and fire

A

Separating

116
Q

Lowers the temperature of the fuel and adjacent surfaces

A

Cooling

117
Q

Prevent air from reaching the fuel and mixing with vapors and prevents the release of flammable vapors

A

Smothering

118
Q

Lowers the surface tension of water and allows it to penetrate fires in class a materials

A

Penetrating

119
Q

20 to 1 air/solution ratio

A

Low expansion foam

120
Q

20 to 1 to 200 to 1 air/solution ratios

A

Medium expansion foam

121
Q

200 to 1 to 1000 to 1 air/solution ratios

A

High expansion foam

122
Q

Used to suppress vapors from a hazardous material spill’s

A

Medium expansion foam

123
Q

Synthetic foaming agents typically used in confined spaces

A

High expansion foam

124
Q

Used through hydraulically operated nozzle style delivery devices

A

Medium expansion phone

125
Q

Effective for controlling and extinguishing most class B fires, and cooling and penetrating class a fires

A

Low expansion foam

126
Q

Simplest method of mixing foam concentrate and water

A

Batch mixing

127
Q

Premeasured portions of water and foam concentrate are mixed in a container

A

Pre-mixing

128
Q

Commonly used to mix foam within fire apparatus water tank or portable tank

A

Batch mixing

129
Q

Uses external pump or head pressure to force foam concentrate into fire stream

A

Injection

130
Q

Uses pressure energy in a stream of water to induct foam concentrate into the fire stream

A

Eduction

131
Q

Pump may require additional maintenance due to degreasing properties of foam

A

Batch mixing

132
Q

Commonly employed in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection system applications

A

Injection

133
Q

Depends on Venturi principle to draw foam from concentrate container into water stream

A

Eduction

134
Q

In most cases, solutions are discharged from a pressure rated tank using compressed inert gas for air

A

Pre-mixing

135
Q

Typically used with portable extinguishers, wheeled extinguishers, and vehicle mounted tank systems

A

Premixing

136
Q

Foam proportioning system which hose lines contain finished phone

A

Compressed air foam systems

137
Q

Foam proportioning system with simplest and most common devices in use today

A

Portable foam proportioners

138
Q

Foam proportioning system which includes in-line eductors and phone nozzle eductors

A

Portable foam proportioners

139
Q

Foam proportioning system where onboard air compressor as air to create finished foam

A

Compressed air foam systems

140
Q

Foam proportioning system which includes around the pump proportioners, and balanced pressure proportioners

A

Apparatus mounted proportioners

141
Q

Foam proportioning system commonly found on aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus and fire boats

A

Apparatus mounted proportioners

142
Q

Foam concentrates generate Buggles through chemical reaction when concentrates are mixed with water. True or false?

A

False

143
Q

Alcohol resistant phones are specially developed for polar solvents and ethanol based fuels. True or false?

A

True

144
Q

For maximum effectiveness, foam concentrates must be proportioned at the specific percentage for which they were designed. True or false?

A

True

145
Q

When applying phone to a pool of liquid fuel, the operator continues to apply phone until it spreads across the entire surface of the fuel. True or false?

A

True

146
Q

Foam concentrates pose minimal health risks to firefighters. True or false?

A

True

147
Q

Foam works by forming a blanket of foam on the surface of burning fuels. True or false?

A

True

148
Q

Class B firms are effective on the hydrocarbon fuels and polar solvents. True or false?

A

True

149
Q

The most common type of phone proportioner in use is the:

A

In-line foam eductor

150
Q

Which nozzles pump foam solution through the nozzle and a fine spray that mixes with air to form foam?

A

Water aspirating nozzle

151
Q

Poor quality foam may result from:

A

Mixing different types of foam concentrates in the same tank

152
Q

Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a specified unit of mass of the material 1° in temperature

A

Specific heat

2022 - FIRE FIGHTER I & II - JDS (29 decks)

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