Chapter 16 - Chronic Health Conditions and Physical or Functional Limitations Flashcards
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Buildup of fatty plaques in arteries that leads to narrowing and reduced blood flow.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
A general term that refers to hardening (and loss of elasticity) or arteries.
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
A group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked, typically as a result of atherosclerosis.
OBESITY
The condition of subcutaneous fat exceeding the amount of lean body mass.
DIABETES
Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage of enhances usage of fat and protein.
HYPERTENSION
Consistently elevated arterial blood pressure, which, if sustained at a high enough level, is likely to induce cardiovascular or end-organ damage.
VALSALVA MANEUVER
A maneuver in which a person tries to exhale forcibly with a closed glottis (windpipe) so that no air exits through the mouth or nose as, for example, in lifting a heavy weight. The Valsalva maneuver impedes the return of venous blood to the heart.
OSTEOPENIA
A decrease in the calcification or density of bone as well as reduced bone mass.
OSTEOPEROSIS
Condition in which there is a decrease in bone mass and density as well as an increase in the space between the bones, resulting in porosity and fragility.
ARTHRITIS
Chronic inflammation of the joints.
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Arthritis in which cartilage becomes soft, frayed, or thins out, as a result of trauma or other conditions.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Arthritis primarily affecting connective tissues, in which there is a thickening of articular soft tissue, and extension of synovial tissue over articular cartilages that have become eroded.
CANCER
Any of various types of malignant neoplasms, most of which invade surrounding tissues, may metastasize to several sites, and are likely to recur after attempted removal and to cause death of the patient unless adequately treated.
RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
The condition of a fibrous lung tissue, which results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs.
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE
The condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production.