Chapter 16: Approaches to Treatment and Therapy Flashcards
This is used primarily to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
Antipsychotics
This is used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and
obsessive–compulsive disorder
Antidepressants
This is prescribed for patients who complain of excessive
anxiety and worry
Anti-anxiety medications (tranquillizers)
This is typically used to treat bipolar disorder
Mood stabilizers
This has shown promising results to help treat PTSD
MDMA
What do antianxiety drugs affect?
They affect the activity of GABA, an inhibitory nt that reduces neural activity
What is the publication bias?
Journals tend to publish positive findings, not negative or ambiguous ones, which shapes what we know about treatment. We don’t hear about:
> the placebo effect
> side effects and medication discontinuation
> disregard for effective, possibly better nonmedical treatments
> unknown risks over time and medication interactions
> untested off-label uses
What was the most famous modern effort to cure mental illness through psychosurgery?
Prefrontal lobotomy
This has proven helpful in the
treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder and depression
Anterior cingulotomy
In this medical treatment, small areas of brain tissue that are surgically destroyed
Focal lesions
This involves passing an electrical current through the brain in order to induce a temporary seizure
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
This is a therapeutic technique in which a focal area of the brain is exposed to a powerful magnetic field across several treatment sessions
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
This is a technique that involves electrically stimulating specific regions of the brain
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
A major element of psychodynamic therapy is ___________, the client’s displacement of unconscious emotions or reactions onto the therapist.
transference
This applies principles of classical and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviors
Behavior therapy
Behavioral therapists use such methods as:
> behavioral self-monitoring
> graduated exposure & flooding
> systematic desensitization
> skills training
This is designed to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thinking and, hence, to reduce negative emotions
Cognitive therapy
Two leading cognitive approaches are:
- Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression
- Albert Ellis’s rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
A new wave of _______ practitioners propose a form of _______ based on “mindfulness” and “acceptance”:
- nonjudgmental approach
- focus on coping techniques
- use of “attentional breathing” to interrupt a spiral of negative thinking
Cognitive behavioral therapy
What is humanist therapy?
It emphasizes:
- personal growth
- resilience
- the achievement of human potential
- the client’s ability to change rather than
repeating past conflicts
The goal of humanist psychology is to help people express themselves creatively and achieve their full potential
This is a humanist approach developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes:
* the therapist’s empathy with the client
* the use of unconditional positive regard
* The therapist’s role is to:
* build the client’s self-acceptance
* help the client find a more productive way of seeing their problems
Empathy is the crucial ingredient of successful therapy
Client centered (nondirective) therapy
What is existential therapy?
It is designed to help clients explore the meaning of
existence and face the great questions
of life, such as:
* death
* freedom
* loneliness
* meaninglessness
All therapies help people determine:
* what matters to them
* what values guide them, and
* what changes they will have the
courage to make
Family therapists maintain that individual problems:
- develop in the context of the family
- are sustained by the dynamics of the family
What is the family-systems perspective?
It is an approach to doing therapy by identifying how each family member forms part of a larger interacting system
What are possible reasons for the growing scientist-practitioner gap?
> the rise of professional schools that are not connected to academic psychology departments and that train students solely to do therapy
the proliferation of unvalidated therapies in a crowded market
These are concerned with the treatment of people who are physically disabled
Rehabilitation psychologists
This has been highly successful in reducing
teenage violence, drug abuse, and school problems in troubled inner-city communities
