Chapter 11: Emotions, Stress, and Wellness Flashcards
What did Ekman gather evidence for?
Universality of the facial expressions of 6 emotions
What are the 6 universal facial expressions?
Anger
Happiness
Fear
Surprise
Disgust
Sadness
Babies after about 6 months become extra sensitive to the _____ facial expression
fear
What facial expressions do 3 year olds and 5 year olds learn to recognize respectively?
Age 3: sadness
Age 5: disgust
Process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the emotion being expressed; a smile tells us we’re happy, a frown says we’re sad or angry
Facial feedback
If either the _______ or critical areas of the cortex are damaged, abnormalities result in the inability to experience or recognize fear
amygdala
What areas of the prefrontal cortex are responsible for the fight and flight responses
Left prefrontal cortex: fight
Right prefrontal cortex: flight
These are throughout the brain and activated when people observe others, especially with other people you like
Mirror neurons. They are involved in empathy, imitation, and mood contagion
Explain:
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard theory
Schachter’s theory
-JLT: stimuli causes physiological reaction, and brain recognizes this as fear
-CBR: physiological reaction and feeling of fear occur at the same time
-ST (leading theory): physiological response to stimulus, then cognitive appraisal considers context as to why it is happening, which can cause the feeling of fear
What are emotional appraisals?
Perceptions, beliefs, attributions, and expectations that determine which emotion a person will experience
Culture strongly influences _______ that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or suppress) emotions
display rules
What is emotion work?
Expression of emotion, often because of a role requirement, that a person does not feel
What did Hans Selye publish in 1956?
The Stress of Life
What is Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?
Good health (homeostasis)
Alarm stage
Resistance stage
Exhaustion stage
The hypothalamus sends messages to endocrine glands down 2 major pathways. 1 is the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. What is the other?
Along the HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex), resulting in the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
What do psychoneuroimmunologists (PNI) study?
Psychological processes
The nervous and endocrine systems
The immune system (especially antigens)
What are realistic optimists more likely than pessimists to do?
Be active problem solvers
Get support from friends
Seek helpful info
What was the secret to longevity in Lewis Terman’s study?
Conscientiousness
-reflects traits like organization, discipline, reliability, persistence-
What is the locus of control?
Is internal or external locus of control healthier to have over the long term?
A general belief that you are responsible for what happens to you
Internal locus of control, the belief that they are responsible for what happens to themselves, is generally better
Proneness to anger is a significant risk factor for…
Impaired immune system
Elevated BP
Heart disease
Slower healing
What are the benefits of confessions?
Divulging private thoughts/feelings can result in insight and understanding and can also reduce the stressful repetition of obsessive thoughts and unresolved feelings
Coping strategy that concentrates on the emotions the problem has caused
Emotion-focused
Coping strategy that focuses on solving the problem
Problem-focused
What are 3 cognitive coping methods that can be effective when dealing with unsolvable problems?
Reappraising the situation
Learning from the experience
Making (positive) social comparisons
Welcome, affectionate touch elevates “therapeutic” hormones, especially…
oxytocin
