CHAPTER 15 TEST REVIEW Flashcards
parasympathetic
(anatomical effects on systems)
Parasympathetic function: maintain homeostasis at rest
Craniosacral anatomical origin
Ganglia found in two types of locations
* Terminal ganglia located close to effector
* Intramural ganglia located within wall of effector
Parasympathetic division: “rest-and-digest”
* For conserving energy, replenishing nutrients
sympathetic
(anatomical effects on systems)
Sympathetic function: exercise and emergency
* Thoracolumbar anatomical origin
* Ganglia are close to CNS, but anatomical pathways are
complex
Sympathetic division: “fight-or-flight”
* For exercise, excitement, emergency
Clinical View: Horner Syndrome
Injury of cervical sympathetic trunk or T1 trunk ganglion
causing the following symptoms:
* Ptosis - drooping of superior eyelid due to paralysis of
superior tarsal muscle
* Miosis - constricted pupil due to paralysis of pupil dilator
muscle
* Anhydrosis - lack of sweating because sweat glands not
receiving sympathetic innervation
* Facial flushing - due to lack of sympathetic innervation,
vasodilation results
Clinical View: Epinephrine for Treatment of Asthma
Asthma attacks narrow the bronchioles
* Bronchioles contain β2 receptors
* Epinephrine binds to β2 receptors more effectively than
does norepinephrine
* Epinephrine is used to treat asthma attack as it is a more
potent relaxant of smooth muscles in bronchioles
(more dilation)
Clinical View: Raynaud Syndrome
Sudden constriction of small arteries of digits
* Results in loss of normal hue of distal skin
* Accompanied by pain
* Triggered by cold or emotional stress
* Due to exaggerated local sympathetic response
* More common in women
Clinical View: Drugs That Affect Pupil Size
Parasympathetic division stimulates pupil constriction,
sympathetic stimulates dilation
Drugs can also affect pupil size
* Tropicamide – blocks muscarinic receptors, causes pupil
dilation
* Illicit drugs – cocaine, amphetamines, LSD, PCP also
dilate pupils
