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ENV120 > Chapter 15- Protected Areas > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Protected Areas Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of protected spaces

A
  • sustaining habitat in wild spaces
  • anticipate and protect in advance
  • land aside and put a boundary on it
  • protected parks are all over the world
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2
Q

Modern era of Protected areas

A
  • Yellowstone national park- first national park
  • established in 1872
  • sets off new era of understanding connection
  • people can come visit
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3
Q

Canada’s First Protected Park

A

1885- Rocky Mountain National Park aka Banff

  • created due to railroad trying to unify the country before US took parts of Canada
  • Used hot springs as an attraction and a way to raise money to finish the railroad
  • marketing tool
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4
Q

What is a protected area?

A
  • municipal
  • provincial
  • national- Parks Canada
  • national- wildlife
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5
Q

Protected area

A

an area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity and of natural and associated cultural resources and managed through legal or other effective means

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6
Q

Types of Protected Areas (IUCN)

A
  1. Nature reserve or Wilderness area- most protected, scientific research/ecological monitoring
  2. National Park- ecosystem protection and recreation
  3. Natural Monument- outstanding natural/cultural feature ex) hoodoos
  4. Habitat/Species Management Area- habitats for particular species
  5. Protected landscape/seascape
  6. Managed resource protected area- natural values and sustainable use (natural harvest)
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7
Q

Functions and Values of Protected Areas

A
  • habitat protection
  • tourist destination/economic value
  • help people care about the enviro
  • create relationships with environment
  • support local and national economies
  • species/biodiversity protection
  • conservation effort
  • fortress for invasive species
  • conserving natural habitat
  • natural values and sustainable use
  • insurance for sensitive species
  • cultural & historical sites
  • natural experiences(swim, hike, backpack)
  • science & monitoring
  • aesthetics & natural beauty
  • watershed protection via forest
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8
Q

1987 Bruntland Commission Report

A

-goal of 12-40% of land as a protected area
world=13%
North America=13-14%
Canada=10% (also have a lot of undeveloped unprotected land)
Alberta=12.5% (1st province to have a wetland policy)

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9
Q

% of protected parks

A

terrestrial=60%
marine=less than 10%
have only 4 national marine protected areas by Parks Canada

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10
Q

Number of Protected Areas

A

has been increasing exponentially since bruntland report in 1987

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11
Q

International Designations

A
  1. UNESCO World Heritage Site- natural or cultural places with outstanding universal value (Dinosaur Provincial Park, AB)
  2. UNESCO Biosphere Reserve- examples of balanced relationship between humans and environment eg) Waterton Lakes National Park
    3) Ramsar sites- wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar COnvention ex) Beaver Hill Lake
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12
Q

Barriers of Establishing A Protected Area

A
  • private land ownership
  • unsupportive public
  • money
  • existing development
  • oil/gas
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13
Q

Province with largest % protected area

A

BC- 14.1%

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14
Q

Province with lowest % protected area

A

New Brunswick- 3.3% why? lots of private land ownership, smaller land mass

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15
Q

Federal Protected Areas

A

less than 10% of Canada is formally designated as protected (2 new ones in last couple years)

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16
Q

How many National Parks/National Reserves do we have?

A

44

17
Q

How many National Marine Protected Areas

A

4 (very few compared to terrestrial park)

18
Q

Provincial Designations

A
  1. Provincial Park- highest level of protection ex) Lakeland PP
  2. Wildland Parks- hard to get to ex) Caribou Mountains VP
  3. Wilmore WIlderness Park- Act own legistlation
  4. Provincial Recreation Area- ex) Kakwa River PRA Allows some hunting
  5. Ecological Reseres- ex) Kootenay Plains ER
  6. Wilderness Areas- ex) Siffleur WA, some restrictions on use
  7. Natural Area- Beaverhill NA- small protected pocket
  8. Heritage Rangelands- ex) Black Creek cattle range but with protection
19
Q

Are protected areas effective?

A

yes- effective for learning about nature (knowledge)

  • the larger the area you protect the less extinction
  • can also draw some negative aspects
20
Q

Working together…

A
  • with other parks helps to monitor species
  • more expertise with lots of people from different areas working together
  • evolved to look outwards
  • manage for long term viability
21
Q

External: Mineral & Energy Development

A

-pollution in river is showing up in the park

22
Q

External: Forestry

A
  • log forest right up to the boundary of a Park
  • habitat diversity
  • aquatic input
23
Q

External- Residential Development

A
  • within parks we have lots of development

- external residential development provides a lot of external pressure

24
Q

External: Agriculture

A
  • animals leave the park boundary to eat something dead and then get shot
  • bears come down to eat carcass on agricultural land
25
Q

External: Air Pollution

A
  • transboundary effect

- reaches park from origin

26
Q

External- Introduced species

A
  • exotic species- don’t know the boundary

- insects, birds, plants

27
Q

External- other

A

noise pollution

  • gargabe
  • odour
  • visual pollution
28
Q

Internal Visitor Pressure

A
  • travelling on trails
  • people approaching wildlife
  • campground size- separate motor homes and tents
29
Q

Internal: Facility Development

A

-Can have effect on the natural aspects of the Park

30
Q

Internal: Transportation Corridors

A

highways and barriers to prevent animals from getting through

31
Q

Internal: Resource Renewal

A

poaching and selling antlers found in the park

32
Q

Interval: suppress natural processes

A
  • fire suppression

- re-introduce fire

33
Q

Internal: INappropriate decisions

A
  • want to put in a massive view point in Jasper National park over the glacier
  • lots of public push back
34
Q

Park Management Tools

A

wardens, rangers, keep people on tour buses

  • prescribed fires
  • signs
35
Q

Beyond Protected Areas

A
  • private organizations
  • through external non-profit organizations
  • Protected areas are not sufficient enough to conserve ecosystems
  • Stewardship- conservation easements
  • private purchase

ENV120 (15 decks)

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