Chapter 15: Introduction to the Immune Response and Inflammation

Question 1

antibiotics

Answer 1

immunoglobulins; produced by B-cell plasma cells and memory cells in response to a specific protein; react with that protein to cause its destruction directly or through activation of the inflammatory response

Question 2

antigen

Answer 2

composed of proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides; portions of cell walls; proteins that have potential of facilitating an immune response

Question 3

arachidonic acid

Answer 3

released from injured cells to stimulate the inflammatory response through activation of various chemical substances

Question 4

autoimmune disease

Answer 4

a disorder that occurs when the body responds to specific self-antigens to produce antibodies or cell-mediated responses against its own cells

Question 5

B cells

Answer 5

lymphocytes programmed to recognize specific proteins; when activated, these cells cause the production of antibodies to react with that protein

Question 6

calor

Answer 6

heat, one of the four cardinal signs of inflammation; caused by activation of the inflammatory response

Question 7

chemotaxis

Answer 7

property of drawing neutrophils to an area

Question 8

complement proteins

Answer 8

series of cascading proteins that react with the antigen-antibody complex to destroy the protein or stimulate an inflammatory reaction

Question 9

dolor

Answer 9

pain, one of the four cardinal signs of inflammation; caused by activation of the inflammatory response

Question 10

Hageman factor

Answer 10

first factor activated when a blood vessel or cell is injured; starts the cascading reaction of the clotting factors, activates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve clots and activates the kinin system responsible for activation of the inflammatory response

Question 11

interferon

Answer 11

type of cytokine that is released in response to viral invasion; blocks viral replication and helps to modulate inflammation

Question 12

interleukins

Answer 12

chemicals released by white blood cells (WBCs) to communicate with other WBCs and to support the inflammatory and immune reactions

Question 13

kinin system

Answer 13

system activated by Hageman factor as part of the inflammatory response; includes bradykinin

Question 14

leukocytes

Answer 14

white blood cells with large, varied nuclei, can be T cells, B cells, or natural killer cells

Question 15

macrophages

Answer 15

mature leukocytes that are capable of phagocytizing an antigen (foreign protein); also called monocytes ir mononuclear phagocytes

Question 16

major histocompatibility complex

Answer 16

the genetic identification code carried on a chromosome; produces several proteins or antigens that allow the body to recognize cells as being self-cells

Question 17

mast cells

Answer 17

fixed basophils, found in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and in the skin, which release chemical mediators of the inflammatory and immune responses when they are stimulated by local irritation

Question 18

myelocytes

Answer 18

leukocyte-producing cells in the bone marrow that can develop into neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, or macrophages

Question 19

phagocytes

Answer 19

neutrophils and macrophages that are able to engulf and digest foreign material

Question 20

phagocytosis

Answer 20

the process of engulfing and digesting foreign organic materials

Question 21

pyrogen

Answer 21

fever-causing substance

Question 22

rubor

Answer 22

redness, one of the four cardinal signs of inflammation; caused by activation of the inflammatory response

Question 23

T cells

Answer 23

lymphocytes programmed in the thymus gland to recognize self-cells; may be effector T cells, helper T cells, or suppressor T cells

Question 24

tumor

Answer 24

swelling, one of the four cardinal signs of inflammation; caused by activation of the inflammatory response