Chapter 10: Antiviral Agents

Question 1

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 1

collection of opportunistic infections and cancers that occur when the immune system is severely depressed by a decrease in the number of functioning helper T cells; caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV

Question 2

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

Answer 2

collection of less serious opportunistic infections with HIV infections; the decrease in the number of helper T cells is less severe than in fully developed AIDS

Question 3

CCR5 coreceptor antagonist

Answer 3

drug that blocks the receptor site on the T-cell membrane that the HIV virus needs to interact with in order to enter the cell

Question 4

coronavirus

Answer 4

variety of types of RNA viruses that can cause several types of primarily respiratory illnesses; one of the coronaviruses causes COVID-19

Question 5

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Answer 5

DNA virus that accounts for many respiratory, ophthalmic, and liver infections

Question 6

fusion inhibitor

Answer 6

a drug that prevents the fusion of the HIV-1 virus with the human cellular membrane, preventing it from entering the cell

Question 7

helper T cell

Answer 7

human lymphocyte that helps to initiate immune reactions in response to tissue invasions

Question 8

hepatitis B virus

Answer 8

virus that causes a serious to potentially fatal infection of the liver, transmitted by body fluids (usually blood)

Question 9

hepatitis C virus

Answer 9

virus that causes a usually mild infection of the liver that can progress to chronic inflammation with eventual need for liver transplantation

Question 10

herpes

Answer 10

DNA virus that accounts for many diseases, including varicella-zoster, cold sores, genital infections, and encephalitis

Question 11

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 11

retrovirus that attacks helper T cells, leading to a decrease in immune function and AIDS or ARC

Question 12

influenza A

Answer 12

RNA virus that invades tissues of the respiratory tract, causing the signs and symptoms of the common cold or “flu”

Question 13

integrase strand transfer inhibitors

Answer 13

drug that inhibits the activity of the virus-specific enzyme integrase, an encoded enzyme needed for viral replication; blocking this enzyme prevents the formation of the HIV-1 provirus

Question 14

interferon

Answer 14

tissue hormone that is released in response to viral invasion; blocks viral replication

Question 15

nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 15

drugs that bind to sites on the reverse transcriptase within the cell cytoplasm, preventing RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities needed to carry out viral DNA synthesis; prevents the transfer of information that allows the virus to replicate and survive

Question 16

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 16

drugs that prevent the growth of the viral DNA chain, preveting it from inserting into the host DNA, so viral replication cannot occur

Question 17

protease inhibitors

Answer 17

drugs that block the activity of the enzyme protease in HIV; protease is essential for the maturation of infectious virus, and its absence leads to the formation of an immature and noninfective HIV particle

Question 18

virus

Answer 18

particle of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat that survives by invading a cell to alter its functioning