Chapter 1: Introduction to Drugs

Question 1

Adverse effects

Answer 1

drug effects, sometimes called side effects, that are the desired therapeutic effects; may be unpleasant or even dangerous

Question 2

Brand name

Answer 2

name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it; also called a trade name or proprietary name

Question 3

chemical name

Answer 3

name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug

Question 4

drugs

Answer 4

chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about change

Question 5

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 5

the federal agency responsible for the regulation and enforcement of drug evaluation and distribution policies in the United States

Question 6

generic drugs

Answer 6

drugs sold by their generic name; not brand name or trade name product

Question 7

generic name

Answer 7

the original designation that a drug is given when the drug company that developed it applies for the approval process

Question 8

genetic engineering

Answer 8

process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria to produce a chemical to be used as a drug

Question 9

off-label uses

Answer 9

uses of a drug that are not part of the stated therapeutic indications for which the drug was approved by the FDA; off-label uses may lead to new indications for a drug

Question 10

orphan drugs

Answer 10

drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for a drug company to develop without outside financial incentives; usually drugs that would treat only a small number of people

Question 11

over-the-counter (OTC) drugs

Answer 11

drugs that are available without a prescription for self-treatment of a variety of complaints; deemed to be safe when used as directed; often formerly only available by prescription

Question 12

pharmacology

Answer 12

the study of the biological effects of chemicals

Question 13

pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 13

clinical pharmacology–the branch of pharmacology that deals with drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine for the treatment; prevention, and diagnosis of disease in humans

Question 14

phase I study

Answer 14

a pilot study of a potential drug-using a small number of selected, usually healthy human volunteers

Question 15

phase II study

Answer 15

a clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat

Question 16

phase III study

Answer 16

use of a proposed drug on a larger sample of the population of patients who have the disease the drug is thought to treat

Question 17

phase IV study

Answer 17

continuous evaluation of a drug after it has been released for marketing

Question 18

preclinical trials

Answer 18

initial trials of a chemical thought to have therapeutic potential either with in vitro or in vivo techniques; not human subjects

Question 19

teratogenic

Answer 19

having adverse effects on all phases of the development inside the womb (zygote, embryo, or fetus)