Chapter 15-European Exploration and Conquest, 1450-1650

Question 1

Edict of Nantes

Answer 1

1. late sixteenth century to mid seventeenth century, France
2. Henry IV granted Heugnots (French Protestants) the freedom to worship in certain fortified towns (ex:town of La Rochelle)
3. Also known as Law of Concord
4. Helped restore internal peace and helped advance absolutism
5. In 1627 Louis XIII denounced support of Heugont worship in th fortified towns because they didn’t allow Catholic worship, so they were participating in political disobidience.
6. 1658 Louis XIV revoked Edict of Nantes in order to unify France under one religion.

Question 2

Spanish Armada

Answer 2

1. Late 1500’s, East Coast of England
2. England fleet vs. Spanish fleet
3. Purpose of Armada was to overthrow Elizabeth I to discontinue her end in the Spanish Netherlands (Phillip II idea)
4. England had more advanced ships which lead to their victory
   5.

Question 3

William Shakespeare

Answer 3

1. Late 16th and early 17th century, England
2. Part of Golden Age of English literature
3. Wrote plays that featured dramatic intensity and elements of humanism
4. An example of Elizabethan and Jacobean literature
5. Examples of Hamlet and Macbeth

Question 4

Baroque

Answer 4

1. 17th and early 18th century, Europe
2. Peaked in Italy and eventually spread throughout Europe
3. Style of art
4. Papacy urged for religious art (applied to painting, architecture, and music)
5. A response to the Catholic Reformation
6. Ex: Peter Paul Reubens (1577-1640) a famous Italian baroque painter

Question 5

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 5

1. Mid 17th, Europe
2. Ended 30 Years War and the Eighty Years War
3. Holy Roman Empire still divided
4. Netherlands won indepence from Spain
5. Protestants and Catholics recognized as equal under the law

Question 6

Price Revolution

Answer 6

1. Mid 16thCE-Mid 17thCE, Western Europe
2. Phillip II of Spain paid his armies and debt with silver bullion which caused inflation
3. Prices rose because population rose and the demand could not be met since Jews and Muslims (who were some of the best farmers and business men) were expelled.

Question 7

Ferdinand and Isabella

Answer 7

1. Spain, late 15th-early 16th CE
2. Late 1500s issued edict expelling all Jewish practice from Spain (wanted Catholic uniformity in their country)
3. Sponsered Columbus’s voyage to the New World
4. Supported expedition to expand Spains territory

Question 8

Advances in Technology for Exploration

Answer 8

1. Mid 14th-16th CE, Europe
2. Caravel: Small, light, three masted sailing ship (Portuguese) held more cargo and was easier to sail
3. Cannon: 1350, Iron or bronze guns, could be used at sea.
4. Ptolemy’s Geography: 1410, Showed the world as being round and introducing latitude and longiture points. (Innacurate because the Americas were undiscovered so the world was shown much smaller than it was)
5. Magnetic compass-allowed the sailors to know their direction of travel

Question 9

Concordat of Bologna

Answer 9

1. Early 1500s, France
2. A treaty to advance the French monarchy
3. Allowed French King to have a council above the Papacy
4. The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges is also an example of a law passed to strengthen the French monarch
5. Created by French king Francis I and Pope Leo X
6. Goal was to have French government controlling the church

Question 10

Huguenots

Answer 10

1. 16th-17th CE, France
2. Also known as French Calvanists
3. At this time, most of France was Roman Catholics
4. Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre(Catholics attack on Huguenots) led to a civil war between Huguenots and Catholics
5. Henry IV created Edict of Nantes which allowed Huguenots to worship in specific towns (important because the king was willing to give up religious unity in order to restore peace)

Question 11

Henry of Navarre

Answer 11

1. Late 16th-Early 17th CE, France
2. He was a Protestant who was to be married to a Catholic (Margaret of Valois) which intended to bring Huguenots and Catholics peacefull together
3. Signed Edict of Nantes allowing Huguenots to worship in specific towns
4. Supported the advancement in French absolutism

Question 12

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

Answer 12

1. Mid 16th, France and Spain
2. Ended Habsburg-Valois Wars (Spain was the victor and become influential in Italy)
3. Treaty brought more war and tension between Hugenots and Catholics
4. France failed to to balance power in Italy and began to become circled by Hapsburg controlled countries (Italy,Spain, and Holy Roman Empire.)

Question 13

The Columbian Exchange

Answer 13

1. Late 1500s, Coasts of Western Europe, Africa, South America, and North America
2. Migration of people, plants, animals, and diseases
3. Introduction of new animals allowed for advancements in travel and production of crops
4. The imigrants traveled to places that had similar climate and land from where they came from
5. New foods allowed for an improved diet

Question 14

Slavery in Europe

Answer 14

1. Mid 1500s-1800s, Europe
2. The Bubonic Plague wiped out many domestic workers so slaves were put in their place
3. During the Renaissance, almost all slaves were white.
4. The Ottoman capture of Constantinople stopped the flow of white slaves and turned to sub-Saharan Africa
5. The first slaves were brought to Brazil at the beginning of the 17th century
6. Almost 1/4 of the slaves died on the trip to their new country because of diseases and the unsanitary living conditions

Question 15

European Explorers

Answer 15

1. Early 1500s-1700s, Europe
2. Prince Henry the Navigator: Began Portugals success in the Spice trade. Believed trade pleased God (traded for religious reasons).
3. Vasco da Gama: Searched for Indian Ocean Trade, failed to make alliances with forgein powers, and made tension between the Portugese and Muslims.
4. Ferdinand Magellan: Charles V (Spain) hired Magellan (Portugal) to find a route to spices. Died on his voyage, but his crew brought back knowledge of the passage to the Pacific ocean.
5. Hernando Cortes: Spanish conquistador; Caused fall of Aztec empire;

Question 16

Causes of European Expansion

Answer 16

1. Late 1500s-1700s, Europe
2. Spices, which were introduced in the 12th century by the Crusaders, was a high demand because they added flavor and transformed the bland diet of Europeans
3. Religion played a larage role in expansion because Christians wanted to spread their religion to a bigger population of people
4. Curiosity sparked the want to know about the geography and other people of the world in order to advance Europeans knowledge
5. A lack of opportunity at home motivated young men to join expeditions to new places

Question 17

The Portuguese Overseas Empire

Answer 17

1. Early 1500s-Early 1600s, Portugal
2. .The Portuguese were skilled in sailing and had the advantage of navigating the Atlantic ocea and the north African waters
3. Henry “the Navigator” was one of the first to support geography and exploration and sponsored expeditions.
4. The Portuguese motivatons were to Christianize Muslims and find gold
5. Set up first trading posts on Atlantic islands and in Africa
6. Pedro Cabral (explorer) claimed Brazil for Portugal

Question 18

Spanish Settlement and Indigenous Population Decline

Answer 18

1. Mid 1600s-1700s, Americas
2. The crown granted conquerors the right to employ groups of Amerindians (American Indians) as agricultural and mining laborers
3. The demand for silver, sugar, and tobacco forced the conquerors to overwork the Amerindians
4. The lack of care for the Amerinidians resulted in a decline of their population
5. Amerindians population also declined because of foreign diseases that their bodies were not immune to

Question 19

New Ideas About Race

Answer 19

1. Mid 1500s-Mid 1700s, Europe
2. Slavery began as a way for people to pay back debts or if they were captured in war
3. Africans were depicted as savages because of their eating habits, morals, clothing, and way of life
4. Medieval Christians and Arabs had similiar outlooks towards Africans being ideally suited for enslavement
5. Europeans claimed enslaving Africans was beneficial because the slaves were able to find God through their owners