Chapter 15: Digestive System

Question 1

Function of Salivary glands

Answer 1

Secretes saliva: made of mucus, electrolytes, and enzymes. Functions to moisten and dissolve food particles and also begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates. Cleanses the mouth and teeth.

Question 2

Function of Mouth

Answer 2

receives food and begins digestion by breaking it up into smaller particles and mixing it with saliva: mastication.

Question 3

Function of Esophagus

Answer 3

Serves as a passageway for food from the pharynx to the stomach

Question 4

Function of Liver

Answer 4

multiple functions: removing toxic substances from blood, maintaining concentration of blood glucose, breakdown of lipids and fats, protein metabolism, stores vitamins, recycles RBCs, and secretes bile.

Question 5

Function of Stomach

Answer 5

receives food from the esophagus, mixes the food with gastric juice, initiates protein digestion, carries on limited absorption, and moves food into the small intestine.

Question 6

Function of Large Intestine

Answer 6

Secretes mucus, reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion, and removes undigested food

Question 7

Function of Small Intestine

Answer 7

Completes digestion of the nutrients in the chyme, absorbs the products of digestion, and transports the residue to the large intestine.

Question 8

Function of Pancreas

Answer 8

secretes insulin which breaks down sugars and pancreatic juice which breaks down fat

Question 9

Function of Gall Bladder

Answer 9

Stores bile between meals, reabsorbs water to concentrate bile, and contracts to release bile into the small intestine.

Question 10

Function of Pharynx

Answer 10

Serves as a passageway for both air and food, connecting the nose and mouth to the esophagus and larynx. Specifically, it helps with swallowing by directing food and drink into the esophagus

Question 11

Function of Incisors

Answer 11

bite off pieces of food

Question 12

Function of canines (cuspids)

Answer 12

grasp and tear food

Question 13

Function of premolars (bicuspids) and molars

Answer 13

grind food particles

Question 14

Structure of the mouth

Answer 14

The lips, cheeks, tongue, and palate surround the mouth. A chamber between the tongue and palate called the oral cavity and a narrow space between the teeth, cheeks, and lips called the vestibule. The cheeks form the lateral walls of the mouth. Lips surround the mouth opening. Tongue nearly fills oral cavity when mouth is closed. Palate forms roof of oral cavity: hard (bony, anterior) and soft (muscular, posterior) palate. Uvula forms back of mouth

Question 15

Basic nutrients that the body needs to function properly

Answer 15

amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, electrolytes, vitamins, glucose, and monosaccharides.

Question 16

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 16

a muscular ring at the junction of the esophagus and stomach, acts as a valve, keeping food and stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus.

Question 17

pyloric sphincter

Answer 17

A valve that controls gastric emptying, controls the flow of food from the stomach into the small intestine