Chapter 13: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Different layers of the heart (outside, middle, inside)
The three layers of the heart are the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The epicardium is the outer layer that protects the heart by reducing friction and consists of connective tissue covered by epithelium. The myocardium, the middle layer, pumps blood out of the heart and consists of cardiac muscle tissue. The endocardium consists of epithelium and connective underlying tissue along with blood vessels and specialized cardiac muscle fibers. it acts as a barrier between the blood within the heart chambers and the cardiac muscle
-The numerous differences between the two major blood vessels of the cardiovascular system.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, typically carrying oxygen-rich blood, while veins carry blood towards the heart, usually carrying oxygen-poor blood (except for the pulmonary circuit). Arteries have thicker, more elastic walls to withstand high pressure, and veins have thinner walls with valves to prevent backflow, especially in the legs.
What carries blood to the heart?
Superior and inferior vena cava
What carries blood away from the heart?
Aorta
What carries blood to the lungs?
pulmonary artery
What carries blood away from the lungs?
pulmonary veins
Be able to compare and contrast the pulmonary to the systemic circuit
Both the pulmonary and systemic circuits transfer blood But, the blood vessels of pulmonary circulation carry blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. On the other hand, blood vessels of systemic circulation carry the blood from the heart to the body tissues and then back to the heart. The pulmonary circuit is transporting deoxygenated blood and the system circuit is delivering oxygenated blood.
Be able to list the 4 valves of the heart and group which are AV and which are semilunar.
AV: bicuspid and tricuspid
Semilunar: Aortic valve and pulmonary valve
Be able to compare and contrast AV valves to semilunar valves.
AV valves are located between the atriums and ventricles, semilunar valves are located between the heart’s ventricles and major arteries. They both maintain blood flow in the heart.
- AV valves have leaflets and SL valves has cusps.
Factors that can influence blood pressure
Blood pressure is influenced by blood volume increases, heart rate increases, stroke volume increases, blood viscosity increases, and peripheral resistance.
Factors that influence heart rate
Heart rate is influenced by decreasing/increasing body temperature, nodal stimulation by parasympathetic/sympathetic fibers, drugs or hormones, exercise, anemia, excitement, or shock.
