Chapter 1 Test Flashcards
What is anatomy?
The study of the structure of the body. (structure)
What is physiology?
the study of the function of different body parts. (function)
9 levels of organization and an example of each.
atom - carbon atom
molecule - water (H2O)
macromolecule - carbohydrates
organelle - nucleus
cell - blood cell
tissue - nervous tissue
organ - liver
organ system - reproductive system
organism - human
what happens in terms of complexity as you move up levels?
each level grows in complexity.
characteristics of life
growth, reproduction, responsiveness, movement, metabolism (respiration, digestion, circulation, excretion)
five requirements that organisms need to sustain life?
1.) water
2.) food
3.) oxygen
4.) heat
5.) pressure
what is homeostasis?
Homeostasis works to stabilize the internal environment when the external conditions are changing. This is very important for an organism’s survival because body parts cannot function properly when the internal environment isn’t stable; concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen, as well as the conditions of pressure and heat have to remain within certain narrow limits.
what are the 3 components of a homeostatic mechanism and what do they do?
Receptors - receive information that something in the environment is changing
control center - processes the info and decides what the value should be
effector - responds to commands
difference between negative and positive feedback and examples.
with negative feedback, the body does the opposite of what it was doing, like maintaining body temperature. With positive feedback, the body continues doing the same, like blood clotting.
Five major body cavities of a human.
Cranial cavity, vertebral canal, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity.
what is the diaphragm?
a muscle that helps you inhale and exhale
difference between parietal and visceral membranes
the parietal layers of the membranes line the walls of the body cavity (pariet - cavity wall). The visceral layer of the membrane covers the organs (the visceral).
anatomical terminology
integumentary system
Protect the body and helps regulate temperature.
Ex.) skin
skeletal system
Support, Protection and Movement
Ex.) bones
