Chapter 15 - Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
hypoglycemia levels
less than 70 mg/dL
hypoglycemia can be caused by
- too much insulin
- inadequate food intake
- delayed/skipped meals
- extra physical activity
- etoh w/o food
hypoglycemia manifestations
- milk shaky
- confusion
- sweat
- palpitation
- headache
- lack of coordination
- blurred vision
- seizure
- coma
hyperglycemia manifestations
polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
- ketoacidosis
- headache
somogyi phenomenon
morning hyperglycemia in response to overnight hypoglycemia
hypoglycemia
provide client with…
15-20 grams of readily absorbable carb
- 2-3 gluycose tablets (5g each)
- 6-10 hard candies
- 4 ox of juice or soda
- 1tbsp honey
- 4 tsp sugar
retest in 15 min. if <70mg, repeat steps above
hyperglycemia
nursing action
take med if forgotten
carbs
- consume carbs found in grains, fruits, legumes, + milk
- limit simple carbs (refined grains + sugars)
- 45-65% of total daily cals
fats
- less sat fat than trans fat
- 2 or more servings per week of polyunsaturated fatty acids (found in fish)
fiber
improves carb metab + lowers cholesterol
-14g/1k cal
protein
15-20% of total calories
-reduce if pt has kidney failure
sodium
2,300 mg/day
foods that contain 15 g of carbs
- 1 slice of sandwich bread
- 1/2 cup of pasta
- 1/2 cup of canned fruit in juice
- 1/4 cup of dried fruit
- 3 cups of raw veg
- 1-1.5 cup of cooked veg
- 4-6 crackers
- 1/2 cup ice cream
if client plans on exercising
may need to decr med
exercise
3x week
150 min
-dont sit for more than 90 minutes at a time
