Chapter 13 -Gastrointestinal Disorders Flashcards
GI parameters
- wt + wt changes
- lab values
- eliminatn patterns
- I+O
low fiber diet
avoids foods that are high in residue content
- reduce frequency + volume of fecal output
- slow transit time
foods w high residue concent
- whole grain breads + cereals
- raw fruits + vegetables
low fiber diet is useful in…
- clients w diarrhea + malabsorption of syndrome
- short term
high fiber diet
focus on foods containing more than 5g of fiber per serving
high fiber diets are useful in…
- increase stool bulk
- stimulate peristalsis
- prevent constipation
- protect against colon cancer
N/V possible causes
- gastric acid secretion
- decr GI motility
- allergy
- bacterial/viral
- incr ICP
- liver, pancrtc, gall bladder disorder
- a/e of med
pale green vomit indicates…
bile
once manifestation of NV subsides..
begin w clear liquids> full liquids> continue advancing
well-tolerated meals w N/V
low-fat carb foods
- crackers
- toast
- oatmeal
- pretzel
- plain bread
- bland fruit
N/V nursing actions
- good oral hygiene: mouth swab, brush, wash, ice chips
- elevate head
- food at room temp or chilled
N/V client education
- avoid hot + spice
- avoid liquids w meals (promotes feeling of fullness)
- avoid high fat (contributes to nausea bc hard to digest)
anorexia nursing actions
- decr stress at meal times
- modify unpleasant odors
- manage anxiety/depress
- small frequent meals
- avoid high fat
- bevg should be 30 min before or after to prevent feeling full
- supplements to incr cal + protein
- lrger meals are earlier in day
- mouth care before + after
constipation can be caused by…
- irreg bowel
- psychogenic
- inactivity
- chronic laxative
- obstruction
- GI disorders
- pregnancy
- inadequate fiber + fluid
constipation client education
- fluid: 64oz
- fiber: 25g(F)/38g(M)
- exercise
- 2 serv of fruit, 3 serv of vege
diarrhea requires a ___ diet
low fiber
clients w dysphagia may be referred to…
a speech therapist
dysphagia client education
- small bites
- adequate chewing
- upright/high fowler
- take pills w 8 oz of fluid (can be thickened)
- avoid THIN liquids + sticky food**
dumping syndrome
normally stomach controls the rate of nturients entering the sml intsntn
-when portion of stomach is surgically removed, the contents are rapidly emptied into sml intestine
early manifestations of dumping syndrome typically occurs __ after eating. later manifestations occur ___ after eating.
10-20 minutes; 1-3 hours
early manifestations of dumping syndrome
- sensation of fullness
- ab cramping
- nausea
- diarrhea
- vasomotor manifestations (faintness, syncope, diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypotension, flushing)
late manifestations of dumping syndrome
- diaphoresis
- weakness
- tremors
- anxiety
- nausea
- hunger
in dumping syndrome, manifestations resolve after…
intestine is emptied
dumping syndrome leads to a risk for…
- hypoglycemia
- iron + B12 deficiency
dumping syndrome client education
- small frequent meals
- consume protein + fat w each meal
- avoid concentrated sugars + lactose
- liquids 1 hr AFTER meals or 30 min before
- lie down after meals to delay gastric emptying
possible trigger foods for GERD
- citrus fruits + juice
- spicy
- carbonated
- foods that reduce the lower esophageal sphincter
foods that lower the LES
- fatty
- caffeine
- chocolate
- alcohol
- cigarette smoke
- nicotine
- peppermint or spearmint
main concerns w ileostomy + colostomy
fluid + electrolyte imbalance
-colon absorbs liquids, Na, + K
ileostomy + colostomy
client education
- fluids (1.9-2.4L)
- soluble fiber
- avoid food that cause gas (beans, eggs, carbonation)
- avoid stomal blockage (popcorn, nuts, raw carrots)
- odorous foods (eggs, fish, garlic)
- incr intake of cal _ protein to promote healing
diverticulitis
inflammation that occurs when fecal matter becomes trapped in diverticula (pouch protruding thru muscle)
diverticulitis client education
- high fiber low fat diet
- during acute phase, clear liquid diet is prescribed until inflammation is decreased. then high fiber, low fat
IBD diet
low residue, high protein, high calorie w vitamin + mineral supplements
IBD client teaching
- yoga, hypnosis, breathing exercise
- avoid substances that cause diarrhea
- avoid nicotine
pancretitis diet
npo
- tpn
- ng tube for suctioning
liver disease diet
- high protein to incr nitrogen
- multivitamins (BCK)
- no etoh, nicotine, caffeine
gluten is found in…
wheat, rye, and barley
celiac disease nursing consideration
- monitor for bleeding (vit K deficiency)
- signs of osteoporosis
- iron, folate, vit B deficiency
bariatric surgery diet
- 60 g protein
- gradually increase from liquid to soft/pureed foods
- chew foods thoroughly + slowly in small amounts
adjustable gastric bandinf
restricts stomach capacity to 15-30 mL w inflatable band
roux-en-Y gastric bypass
ingested food bypasses 95% of stomach, duodenum, + jejunum
-wt loss achieved thru malabsorption + dumping syndrome
upper GI absorbs
iron, calcium, B12
duodenum
helps w iron, calcium, B12
meds for PUD can cause
deficiency in iron, calcium, B12
calcium rich food for lactose intolerant
low lactose (ages cheese, cream cheese, yogurt) -broccoli, almonds, edamame
