14 - Renal Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
kidney main functions
A
1 blood vol 2 waste excretn 3 acid-base 4 BP/renin 5 Ca + Ph 6 RBC/EPO
2
Q
protein monitoring is critical
A
- urea levels rise w kidney disease
- urea is a protein waste product
3
Q
end-stage kidney disease
s/s
A
- fatigue
- anemia
- decr urinatn
- headache
- wt loss
4
Q
acute kidney disease
s/s
A
- rise in BUN
- decr urinatn
- decr sensatn in extremities
- swelling of lower extremities
- flank pain
5
Q
nephrotic syndrome
A
- edema
- high proteinuria
- hypo-albumin
- hyper-lipid
- blood hyper-coag
*prolonged protein loss> protein malnutrition, anemia, vitamin D deficiency
6
Q
kidney stones
A
- sudden intense pain in flank
- –unrelieved by positn changes
- –pain occurs when stones moves out of kidney pelvis down the ureter
7
Q
kidney stones s/s
A
- diaphoresis
- n/v
- hematuria
8
Q
most of kidney stones is made of…
A
calcium oxalate
9
Q
nursing actions
A
- monitor daily wt (fluid status)
- monitor fluid intake
- encourage compliance w fluid restrictions
- monitor UO
- monitor for signs of constipatn (caused by fluid restrictn)
- alteratns w intake of protein, cal, Na, K, Ph, vitamins
10
Q
chronic kidney disease [stg 1-4/pre-dialysis]
A
incr creatinine, decr GFR
-
11
Q
chronic kidney disease [stg 1-4/pre-dialysis]
goal
A
- slow progressn of CKD
- control blood glucose
- control HTN
- limit kidney> reduce Ph> preserve kidney function
12
Q
high levels of Ph contributes to…
A
Ca + Ph deposits in the kidneys
13
Q
too little protein results in…
A
breakdown of body protein
14
Q
chronic kidney disease dietary recommendations
A
- low Na>BP
- low K
- protein restrictions
- limit high Ph foods
- avoid energy drinks, meal supplements, protein sports drinks
- avoid herbal supplements that affect bleed time + BP
15
Q
chronic kidney disease
protein recommendations
A
- protein 0.8-1g/kg
- meat intake 5-6 oz for males, 4oz for females
- limit dairy 1/2 cup per day
