Chapter 15

Question 1

Parten concluded that social development proceeds in a 3 step sequence. it begins with – unoccupied, on looker behavior and solitary play

Answer 1

non-social activity

Question 2

1. a limited form of social participation in which a child plays near other children with similar materials but does not try to influence their behavior

Answer 2

parallel play

Question 3

2. children engage in separate activities but exchange toys and comment on one anothers behavior

Answer 3

associative play

Question 4

3. a more advanced type of interaction, children orient towards a common goal, such as acting out a make-believe them

Answer 4

cooperative play

Question 5

friendship follows a 3 stage sequence

Answer 5

1. handy playmate (4-7)
2. mutual trust and assistance (8-10)
3. intimacy, mutual understanding and loyalty (11-15+)

Question 6

Children’s self-report yields 4 general categories of peer acceptance :

Answer 6

1. popular children
2. rejected children
3. controversial children
4. neglect children

Question 7

group of 5-8 members vs several groups with similar values

Answer 7

cliques vs crowd

Question 8

certain children become target of verbal and physical attacks or other forms of abuse

Answer 8

peer victimization

Question 9

teacher is the sole authority, students are relatively passive

Answer 9

traditional classroom

Question 10

encourages students to construct their own knowledge, coordinate their own thoughts

Answer 10

constructivist classroom

Question 11

as children appropriate the knowledge and strategies generated from working together, they become competent contributing members of their classroom

Answer 11

social-constructivist classoom

Question 12

teachers guide the overall process of learning but no other distinction is made between adults and child contributors

Answer 12

communities of learners

Question 13

children may adopt teachers positive or negative views and starts to live up to them

Answer 13

educational self-fulfilling prophecies

Question 14

students with learning difficulties learn alongside typical students in the regular educational setting for part or all of the school day- a practice designed to prepare them for participation in society and to combat prejudices against individuals with disabilities that lead to social exclusions

Answer 14

inclusive classrooms

Question 15

great difficulty with one or more aspects of learning, usually reading, as a result their achievement is considerably behind what would be expected on the basis of their IQ

Answer 15

learning disabilities