chapter 15 Flashcards
taste
Sensations evoked by
solutions in the mouth that
contact receptors on the
tongue
metasensation
new sensation that results from the combination of two other sensations
tastant
chemical stimulant processed by the gustatory system
taste
psychological experience evoked by a tastant
papillae
bumps on tongue containing taste buds that transduce the tastant into a neural signal
filiform papillae
gives tongue rough appearance, most common
fungiform papillae
mushroom shaped, edges of tongue, average of 6 taste buds are buried in the surface
foliate papillae
near the back of the tongue, tissue folds that have taste buds buried in them
circumvallate (vallate) papillae
form V on back of tongue
taste buds in the moat
salty
detects NaCl tastants
sour
detection of acidic tastings
low acidity compounds are enjoyable but high acidity compounds will damage external and internal tissue
bitter
some plants produce compounds that are meant to deter us from eating them, they can single poison
ex: broccoli, brussellese sports, hops, tonic water
IBU
International bitternes unit
Isohumulone is an acid found in hops that gives beer its bitter flavor
* IBU measures the parts per billion of the this acid
* The problem? The physical measurement (IBU) does
not directly correspond to the psychological perception
of bitterness
* A beer with high IBUs can taste less bitter due to sugar
(e.g., malt profile)
sweetness
detection of simple sugars like glucose and fructose
umami
detection of MSG. pleasant savory flavor
proof: There may be glutamate receptors on rat taste buds
(Roper & Chaudhari, 2017)
* There may be glutamate receptors in the stomach (Prescott 2004)
