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perception > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sensation

A

ability to detect a physical stimulus

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2
Q

perception

A

act of giving meaning to a detected stimulus

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3
Q

gustav fechner

A
  • panpsychism
  • went blind from sun
  • fruit, spiced ham, wine diet
  • regain vision, concocts psychopsychics and perception
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4
Q

panpsychism

A

the idea that everything has a mind

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5
Q

psychophysics

A

the science of defining quantitative relationships between physical stimuli and the psychological experience of those stimuli

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6
Q

magnitude estimation

A

the strategy of having participants assign an estimated value to a physical stimulus

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7
Q

what is the problem with magnitude estimation?

A

most psychometric functions are nonlinear

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8
Q

fechner’s law

A

the observer is less sensitive at high physical intestines than low physical intensities

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9
Q

just noticeable difference

A

the smallest difference detectable between two stimuli

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10
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum amount of physical stimulus intensity necessary for a person to detect it 50% of the time

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11
Q

what methods can be used to estimate absolute threshold?

A

method of constant stimuli

method of limits

method of adjustment

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12
Q

method of constant stimuli

A

present tones of different volumes in a random order, participant indicates if they can hear it or not

each volume level is tested multiple times

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13
Q

method of limits

A

present tones in an increasing/decreasing order, participant says when they hear it

multiple runs

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14
Q

method of adjustment

A

participant adjusts volume until they can hear the tone, multiple runs are required

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15
Q

signal detection theory

A

observer’s goal is to detect a signal amongst noise

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16
Q

signal

A

what are you trying to detect

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17
Q

noise

A

internal and external factors that make the signal hard to detect

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18
Q

a person can shift their _________ depending on the desired type of error

A

response criteria

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19
Q

brady et al.

A

2008

participants view 2500 objects over 5.5 hours for 3 seconds each

afterwards, they’re given a recall test

participants recall 90% of the images

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20
Q

light

A

thought of as a wave and a particle

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21
Q

photon

A

particle of light

22
Q

light is a _____

A

waveform

23
Q

what does the color of light depend on?

A

its wavelength

24
Q

refraction

A

light waves are altered when they pass from one medium to another

25
Q

cornea

A

transparent membrane

1st step in focusing light

26
Q

anterior chamber

A

pouch of aqueous humor

27
Q

pupil

A

hole in front of the eye

28
Q

iris

A

circular muscles that control the size of the pupil

29
Q

lens

A

focuses the light by bending itself

30
Q

what coordinates to accommodate the lens?

A

ciliary muscle and zonules of zinn

31
Q

virtuous chamber

A

inner chamber of the eyeball

32
Q

vitreous humor

A

fluid that fills the eye and maintains shape of eye

33
Q

how is light perceived?

A

it is transducer into a neural signal

34
Q

retina

A

processes what we see

35
Q

rods

A

photoreceptors specialized for night vision

36
Q

cones

A

photoreceptor specialized for color vision

37
Q

how many types of cones are there?

A

three

38
Q

blindspot

A

result of the retina being set up ‘backwards’

39
Q

optic nerve

A

where neural signal leaves your eye

40
Q

what were some early hypotheses as to why the sun makes us sneeze?

A

aristotle- heat of sun irritates nose

bacon- isn’t heat because it occurs when eyes are closed, it’s the tears aroma irritated eyes seeping into the nose

everett- confusion of nerve signals, highly heritable

conclusion- unknown

41
Q

light adaptation

A

process by which your visual system adjusts to the overall light levels (20-25 mins)

42
Q

how do we achieve a broad range of light adaption?

A

pupil dilation
photopigment regeneration
neural circuitry
duplex retina

43
Q

pupil dilation

A

you can physically adjust the mount of light entering the eye

44
Q

bleaching

A

too many light photons overwhelming the photoreceptors, resulting in all of the photopigment being used up

45
Q

photopigment regeneration

A

photopigment take time to regenerate, but if they are fast enough we perceive bright stimuli

46
Q

neural circuitry

A

bright lights simultaneously inhibit and excite the retinal system

47
Q

duplex retina

A

rods detect dim light, cones detect bright light

48
Q

fovea

A

center of your retina

49
Q

scotopic

A

cull of rods that are poor at color discrimination and function well at low light levels

50
Q

photopic

A

full of cones which are good at color discrimination during daylight

perception (14 decks)

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