Chapter 15 Flashcards
Psychotherapy
Generic name given to formal psychological treatment
Biological therapies
Treatments of psychological disorders based on medical approaches to disease and to illness.
Who pioneered psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Psychodynamic therapy
Form of therapy based on Freudian theory; aims to help clients examine their needs, defenses, and motives as a way of understanding distress. Provides awareness of unconscious conflicts so they can be resolved
Behavior therapy
Treatment based on the premise that behavior is learned and can therefore be unlearned through conditioning
Exposure
Behavioral therapy technique that involves repeated exposure to an anxiety producing stimulus
Cognitive therapy
Treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions. Attempts to modify these thought patterns with realistic alternatives
Cognitive restructuring
Therapy that strives to help clients recognize maladaptive thought patterns and replace them with realistic alternatives
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Therapy incorporating techniques from both cognitive and behavioral therapy
Client-centered therapy
A humanistic approach to therapy; it encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding. Will use reflective listening.
Psychotropic medication
Drugs that effect mental processes
Anti anxiety drugs
Also called anxiolytics are used for short term treatment of anxiety. These typically increase the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA.
Antidepressants
Used to treat depression but also anxiety. Typically in the form of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, resulting in more of each neurotransmitter being available in the synapse.
Antipsychotics
Sometimes called neuroleptics, used to treat schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis. Traditionally dopamine antagonists that recuse the effects of dopamine.
Electroconvulsive therapy ECT
Involves placing electrodes on a persons head and administering an electrical current to produce a seizure. This resets the brain and is used to treat things like severe depression.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Electrical current produced a magnetic field which interrupts neural function in certain regions of the brain. Used to treat severe depression.
Deep brain stimulation
Surgically implanted electrodes within the brain use mild electricity to stimulate the brain at an optimal frequency and intensity. Used to treat Parkinson’s, ocd, and major depression.
Placebo effect
Improvement in physical or mental health following treatment with a placebo (typically sugar pills)
Difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists
Clinical psychologists can typically cannot prescribe medications.
Treatment of choice for phobias and panic attacks?
CBT/exposure therapy using systematic desensitization. Uses fear hierarchies
Best treatment for OCD?
A mix of Clomipramine (SSRI) and CBT using exposure and response prevention.
Early antidepressants
The first antidepressants were tuberculosis drugs and MAO inhibitors. Also tricyclics which are extremely effective but have drastic side effects. These were used until Prozac was invented in the 80’s
Best treatment for Bipolar disorder?
Mood stabilizers like Lithium and atypical antipsychotics. Sometimes stacked with antidepressants
Best treatment for schizophrenia
A combination of antipsychotics, social skills training, and family therapy.
