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Psychology 1020 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Social Brain Hypothesis?

A

Size of primate social group is related to volume of neocortex.

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2
Q

Two conditions for group organization?

A

Reciprocity (Treat others as they treat you) and Transitivity (people share opinions of others)

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3
Q

What is outgroup homogeneity effect?

A

People view out-group members as less varied than ingroup.

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4
Q

Social identity theory?

A

In groups consist of individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category and experience pride through their group membership.

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5
Q

Minimal group paradigm?

A

People demonstrated ingroup favoritism when the groups were decided by coin toss.

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6
Q

Risky-shift effect

A

Groups make riskier decisions than individuals

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7
Q

Group polarization

A

Initial attitudes of groups tend to become more extreme over time

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8
Q

Social facilitation

A

Presence of others enhances performance if the task is well learned.

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9
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency for people to work less hard in a group than alone

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10
Q

Groupthink

A

The tendency of a group to make a bad decision as a result of preserving the group and its cohesiveness. Especially when the group is under stress and biased.

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11
Q

Deindividuation

A

State of reduced individuality and self awareness when part of a group.

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12
Q

Conformity

A

Altering one’s behaviors and opinions to match those of others or to match others expectations

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13
Q

Normative influence

A

Tendency for people to conform in order to fit in with the group

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14
Q

Informational influence

A

Tendency for people to conform when they assume that the behavior of others represents the correct way to respond.

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15
Q

What experiment did Stanley Milgram conduct?

A

Fatal shock obedience experiment

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16
Q

Altruism

A

Providing help when it is needed with no apparent rewards

17
Q

Inclusive fitness

A

Explanation for altruism that focuses on the adaptive benefit of transmitting genes such as through kin selection

18
Q

Bystander intervention effect

A

The failure to offer help by those who observe someone in need when other people are present

19
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

The idea that greater exposure to a stimulus leads to greater liking for it

20
Q

Explicit attitudes

A

Attitudes a person can report

21
Q

Implicit attitudes

A

Attitudes that influence a persons feelings and behaviors at an unconscious level

22
Q

Compliance

A

Tendency to agree to do things requested by others

23
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

The idea that persuasive messages lead to attitude changes in either of two ways: Via the central route or via the peripheral route. The peripheral route happens when there isn’t motivation to process information. Is influenced by shallow peripheral cues.

24
Q

Attributions

A

Peoples explanations for why things occur

25
Q

Personal attributions

A

Explanations of peoples behavior that refers to their internal characteristics such as ability or personality.

26
Q

Situational attributions

A

Explanations of peoples behavior that refers to external events such as the weather, luck, traffic…

27
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors.

28
Q

Actor/Observer discrepancy

A

Tendency to focus on situations to explain one’s own behavior but dispositions to explain the behavior of others

29
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs associated with a stereotype

30
Q

Discrimination

A

Differential treatment of people based on prejudice against their group

31
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Fear or concern about confirming negative stereotypes related to one’s own group. In turn impairs performance.

32
Q

Passionate love

A

State of intense longing and desire. Sex and physical desire

33
Q

Companionate love

A

Strong commitment based on friendship, trust, respect, and intimacy

34
Q

Attitude accessibility

A

The ease an individual has in retrieving an attitude from memory. Personally relevant attitudes are more likely to predict behavior.

35
Q

Justifying efforts

A

justifying and rationalizing as a way of coping with cognitive dissonance

Psychology 1020 (10 decks)

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