Chapter 1

Question 1

Behaviorism

Answer 1

Psychological approach that emphasizes environmental influences on observable behaviors

Question 2

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 2

An approach to psychological science that integrates biological factors, psychological processes, and social influences.

Question 3

Distributed Practice

Answer 3

Learning material in spread out bursts of time

Question 4

Elaborative interrogation

Answer 4

Learning by asking yourself why a fact is true or a process operates the way it does.

Question 5

Epigenetics

Answer 5

Study of biological or environmental influences on gene expression that are not part of inherited genes

Question 6

Functionalism

Answer 6

Approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive function of mind and behavior

Question 7

Interleaved practice

Answer 7

Switching between topics during studying

Question 8

Mind/body problem

Answer 8

Psychological debate on whether the mind and body are separate or whether the mind is simply the physical brains subjective experience

Question 9

Natural selection

Answer 9

Idea that those who inherit characteristics that help them adapt to their environments have a selective advantage over those who do not.

Question 10

Nature/nurture debate

Answer 10

Argument concerning whether psychological characteristics are biologically innate or acquired through experience

Question 11

Open science movement

Answer 11

Social movement in science to improve methods, increase research transparency, and promote data sharing

Question 12

Psychological science

Answer 12

Study through research of mind, brain, and behavior

Question 13

Retrieval-based learning

Answer 13

Learning new information by repeatedly recalling it from long-term memory

Question 14

Self-explanation

Answer 14

Reflecting on your learning process and translating material into your own words

Question 15

Stream of consciousness

Answer 15

Phrase coined by William James (Functionalism) to describe each persons continuous series of thoughts. Believed the mind was too complex to be studied as a whole.

Question 16

Mind

Answer 16

Mental activity such as memories, thoughts, feelings, and perceptual experience (5 senses)

Question 17

Brain

Answer 17

Biochemical processed that arouse the mental activity

Question 18

Behavior

Answer 18

Totality of observable actions

Question 19

What process takes over for decision making when mentally fatigued

Answer 19

Ego

Question 20

Confirmation bias

Answer 20

Tendency to look for information that confirms our beliefs

Question 21

Illusory correlation

Answer 21

Tendency to assume causality from correlations

Question 22

Hindsight bias

Answer 22

Tendency to provide an explanation of an event after it occurred

Question 23

Availability heuristic

Answer 23

Tendency to believe accessible information

Question 24

Cooperative motivation

Answer 24

Primates expect others to help

Question 25

Imitative learning

Answer 25

Only humans imitate behavior without a reward

Question 26

Ratchet effect

Answer 26

Cumulative addition of inventions one generation to another. We are able to understand inventions after the inventor has passed.