Chapter 13 Flashcards
Personality
A persons characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors
Personality trait
A pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that is relatively consistent over time and across situations.
Parenting style has great influence on personality?
False
Inhibited
Newborns who are distressed by new situations and stimuli
Temperaments
Biologically based tendencies to feel or act a certain way
Five-Factor Theory
Personality is described using five factors: Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.
Trait Approaches
Approaches to studying personality that focus on how individuals differ in personality dispositions.
revised reinforcement sensitivity theory
Based on the idea that the brain structure uses Behavioral Approach Systems and Behavioural Inhibition Systems + Fight-Flight-Freeze system to promote or inhibit behaviors that lead to reward or punishment
Carl Rogers Person-Centered Approach
Personality is influenced by how we understand ourselves and how other evaluate us, which leads to conditions of worth or unconditional positive regard.
Locus of control
How much people believe they have control over what happens in their lives.
Reciprocal Determinism
Albert Banduras theory that three factors interact with one another to influence personality: environment, person factors, and behavior
Need for cognition
The tendency to want to engage in complex thought.
Situationalism
The theory that behavior is determined more by situations than personality traits. There are strong and weak situations.
Interactionism
The theory that behavior is determined jointly by situations and underlying dispositions. People react consistently in the same situation over time.
Idiographic Approaches
Person centered approaches to assessing personality that focus on individual lives and unique characteristics
Nomothetic approaches
Approaches to assessing personality that focus on the variation in common characteristics from person to person (Big 5)
Projective Measures
Personality tests that examine tendencies to respond in a particular way when interpreting ambiguous stimuli.
What determines accuracy of evaluation of personality traits.
Observability and evaluativeness
Self-Concept
Larger idea encompassing all the information and beliefs we hold about who we are, what made us tat way, and what motivates us. Identify.
Self-Schema
Knowledge structure within the self-concept that contains memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self and helps people efficiently perceive, organize, and interpret information related to themselves.
Reflected Appraisal
Process of learning about oneself through the eyes of others.
Sociometer theory
Self-esteem is used as a mechanism for monitoring the likelihood of social exclusion. Based on the fundamental human need to belong.
Self-esteem
Evaluative aspect of the self-concept in which people feel worthy or unworthy.
Dark triad
Narcissism, psychopathy, machiavellianism
