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Pharmacology > Chapter 14.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 14.2 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. List the names of the most common male hormone and female hormones
A

Male
Testosterone (androgens)
Female
Estrogens & progestins

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2
Q
  1. State the function of testicular Leydig cells and (will be on test)
A

create testosterone

stimulate spermatogenesis & increase male characteristics (deep voice, etc.)

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3
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Sertoli cells increase the production of androgen binding protein (ABP) & come from testosterone

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4
Q
  1. State the primary effects of sex hormones in males
A

Stimulate spermatogenesis - production & development of sperm
stimulate male characteristics

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5
Q
  1. Identify the established indications and other clinical uses for testosterone therapy.(will be on test)
A

Clinical use
Testosterone therapy can be used as testosterone replacement
Seen in post-orchiectomy - hypogonadism - age related
Breast cancer
hereditary angioedema

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6
Q
  1. State the rationale for androgen abuse.
A

anabolic steroid - taken to increase muscle size & strength

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7
Q
  1. State whether excessive use of large doses of androgens can increase muscle size, muscle strength, and athletic performance in healthy men.
A

It increases size, strength & performance but don’t know if the growth is due to hypertrophy of drugs or the excessive exercising due to increased aggressiveness

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8
Q
  1. Define the term “stacking” regarding androgen use.
A

taking more than 1 drug at the same time

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9
Q
  1. List the problems identified when androgens are used inappropriately.
A

liver damage - CV disease - abnormal bone metabolism - mood swings(aggression) - altered sexual function

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10
Q
  1. State the primary effects of sex hormones in females.
A

Estrogen & progesterone effect

sexual maturation - regulate uterine cycle - characteristics - periods

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11
Q
  1. State the hormonal factors influencing ovulation during the menstrual cycle.
A

1st half of the cycle = ESTROGEN PEAKS
Mid cycle = LH SURGE LEADING TO OVULATION
2nd half of cycle = ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION

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12
Q
  1. Identify the pharmacological uses of female sex hormones
A

hypogonadism, regulate uterine and menstrual cycles, menopausal symptoms, postmenopausal osteoporosis, cancer and endometriosis

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13
Q
  1. Identify the typical hormonal components of most oral contraceptives.
A

typically have estrogen & progesterone combined together
Alternatives
Progesterone only pills (minipill)
Progesterone implants (injections)

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14
Q
  1. State the traditional oral contraceptive administration schedule.
A

take active pil for 3 weeks then a placebo pill for 1 week

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15
Q
  1. List the primary actions of traditional oral contraceptives.
A

Mimic monthly uterine cycles but inhibit ovulation - alters development of endometrial lining - alter mucus in cervix & impedes sperm passage

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16
Q
  1. List the ingredient in the “morning after” (or Plan B) contraceptive.
A

levonorgestrel (Synthetic progestin)

17
Q
  1. State how the Plan B “morning after” pill works
A

partial agonist of progesterone receptors so that the drug binds to receptors & impairs ability of the body to promote its own ovulation.

18
Q
  1. List the ingredient in the abortion pill RU-486.
A

Mifepristone (progesterone receptor blocker) - Antiprogestin

19
Q
  1. State how the abortion pill RU-486 works
A

blocks progestin which is largely responsible for sustaining the placenta & fetus, progestin receptors are blocked & there is a detachment of placenta & fetus leading to fetus death.

20
Q
  1. List potential problems with oral contraceptives.
A

CV disease (strokes & MI) - cancer

21
Q
  1. List factors that increase risk with oral contraceptives.
A

Smoking - family history of CV disease - Advanced age - prolonged use

22
Q
  1. State the beneficial effects associated with estrogen replacement therapy used after menopause
A

bone mineralization - CV health

23
Q

primary risk

A

Cancer - stroke - deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

24
Q
  1. State the rationale for using selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS
A

Stimulates estrogen receptors on bone - blockers estrogen receptors on breast & uterus - get best effects of hormone replacements w/ out major side effects of progesterone

25
Q
  1. State the non-pharmacologic interventions that a physical therapist can recommend to a woman taking estrogen replacement therapy to sustain bone mineral density.
A

weight bearing exercise (walking - zumba)
improve diet
watch intake of foods w/ phytoestrogens
Make sure she does not smoke

26
Q
  1. State the two primary thyroid hormones.
A

Thyroxine (T4) & triiodothyronine (T3) (both contain iodine)

27
Q
  1. List the primary effects of the thyroid hormone.
A

Produce general increase in metabolism
Increase in cell metabolism - basal metabolic rate - body temperature - CV output & respiration
Have an important role in normal growth & development

28
Q
  1. Identify the classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism
A

nervous - low body weight - tachycardia - heat intolerance - muscle wasting

29
Q

hypothyroidism

A

lethargic - weight gain - bradycardia - cold intolerance - weakness

30
Q
  1. State the therapeutic category for each of the following drugs: levonorgestrel (Plan B One-Step®)
A

Emergency contraception

31
Q

mifepristone (Mifeprex®),

A

Abortion drug (antiprogestrin)

32
Q

raloxifene (Evista®)

A

SERMS

33
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid®),

A

T4 replacement

34
Q

I-131 radioactive iodine.

A

Antithyroid agent

35
Q
  1. State the considerations of a physical therapist working with patients using sex hormones
A

Pt should routinely monitor BP due to high salt & water retention that can promote hypertension
educate patients

36
Q

medications to treat a disorder of the thyroid

A

monitor patients for signs of overdose & underdose
too much can lead to hyperthyroidism
too little lead can lead to hypothyroidism

Pharmacology (22 decks)

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