Chapter 11.1 Flashcards
- List the common bases used in antacid preparation.
Common bases are Carbonate or hydroxide
- State the mechanism of action of antacid preparations.
Antacids attempt to chemically neutralize stomach acids -
- List the common problems associated with antacid use.
Constipation – diarrhea – acid rebound
Can alter pH in body fluids
- Distinguish the adverse effect profile of magnesium-based and aluminum-based antacid preparations.
Magnesium based cause diarrhea
Aluminum based cause constipation
- State the mechanism of action of H-2 blockers in gastrointestinal disorders.
Histamine binds to type 2-H2 receptors in gastric mucosa, histamine then increase HCL secretion
So, blocking H2 receptors leads to decrease HCL
- State the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors in gastrointestinal disorders.
So, inhibiting Proton pump will lead to decrease HCL acid production
- List the potential adverse effects that may occur with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors.
May inhibit Ca+ metabolism – increased risk of fractures – may increase gastric polyps that can become tumors
- Name the bacterium associated with the development to gastric ulcers in some patients.
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)
- List the ingredients in “triple therapy” and for gastric ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori.
1 Proton pump inhibitor & 2 antibacterial
quadruple therapy”
1 Bismuth compounds & 1 proton pump inhibitor & 2 antibacterial
- State the mechanism of action of the anticholinergics in the management of gastrointestinal disorders.
ACh increases is responsible for release HCL so Anticholinergic drugs decrease ACh release & HCL release
prostaglandins
Protect the stomach mucous that is usually damaged due to GI acidity by stimulating gastric mucus secretion
protective agents
Forms a gel like compound in the stomach that binds to the ulcer in the stomach and protects it so that the HCL doesn’t continue to effect it.
- State the mechanism of action of the following agents used to manage diarrhea: opioid derivatives,, and
Produce a decrease in GI mobility & reduce fluid loss by increasing the absorption of salt & water or by decreasing fluid & electrolyte excretion from the GI tract
adsorbents
Bind to irritants in the GI tract & try to sponge up/absorbed up the bacteria therefore reducing irritation & slow down movement
bismuth salicylate
Stimulates H2O & electrolyte absorption from the lower GI tract thus decreasing fecal fluid loss
- List the common adverse effects of antidiarrheal agents
Overuse cause constipation
- State the mechanism of action of the following agents used to manage constipation: bulk forming laxatives
Absorb water & swell within the lower GI tract, increased size of water laden stretch the bowel & can peristalsis
stimulant laxatives
Activate peristalsis by direct irritant effect on intestinal mucosa or by stimulation the nerve plexus in the gut wall
hyperosmotic laxatives
Produce a gradient that draws water into the bowel & small intestine
stool softeners
Facilitate the entry of water into the fecal mass thus softening the stool & permitting easier defecation
- List the common adverse effects of agents used to manage constipation
GI irritation & overuse can cause dependence
- Place the following medications into their appropriate therapeutic category: aluminum hydroxide
magnesium hydroxide
Antacids
famotidine and ranitidine
H2 blockers
omeprazole and lansoprazole
PPI
atropine
Anticholinergic
misoprostol
Prostaglandin’s
sucralfate
Protective agent
loperamide and diphenoxylate
Opioid derivatives drug
kaolin and pectin
Adsorbents drug
bismuth and salicylate
antidiarrheal
psyllium
Bulk forming laxative
bisacodyl and lactulose
laxatives
docusate
Stool softener
- Identify the concerns of a physical therapist working with patients using medications to treat gastrointestinal disorders
Be aware of stress ulcers in patients with burns, multiple traumas, renal failure, & CNS trauma
Be aware of constipation & fecal impaction in spinal cord injuries
Most drugs produce side effects that will affect rehab like dizziness & fatigue
