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Pharmacology > Chapter 11.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 11.1 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. List the common bases used in antacid preparation.
A

Common bases are Carbonate or hydroxide

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2
Q
  1. State the mechanism of action of antacid preparations.
A

Antacids attempt to chemically neutralize stomach acids -

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3
Q
  1. List the common problems associated with antacid use.
A

Constipation – diarrhea – acid rebound

Can alter pH in body fluids

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4
Q
  1. Distinguish the adverse effect profile of magnesium-based and aluminum-based antacid preparations.
A

Magnesium based cause diarrhea

Aluminum based cause constipation

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5
Q
  1. State the mechanism of action of H-2 blockers in gastrointestinal disorders.
A

Histamine binds to type 2-H2 receptors in gastric mucosa, histamine then increase HCL secretion
So, blocking H2 receptors leads to decrease HCL

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6
Q
  1. State the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors in gastrointestinal disorders.
A

So, inhibiting Proton pump will lead to decrease HCL acid production

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7
Q
  1. List the potential adverse effects that may occur with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors.
A

May inhibit Ca+ metabolism – increased risk of fractures – may increase gastric polyps that can become tumors

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8
Q
  1. Name the bacterium associated with the development to gastric ulcers in some patients.
A

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)

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9
Q
  1. List the ingredients in “triple therapy” and for gastric ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori.
A

1 Proton pump inhibitor & 2 antibacterial

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10
Q

quadruple therapy”

A

1 Bismuth compounds & 1 proton pump inhibitor & 2 antibacterial

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11
Q
  1. State the mechanism of action of the anticholinergics in the management of gastrointestinal disorders.
A

ACh increases is responsible for release HCL so Anticholinergic drugs decrease ACh release & HCL release

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12
Q

prostaglandins

A

Protect the stomach mucous that is usually damaged due to GI acidity by stimulating gastric mucus secretion

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13
Q

protective agents

A

Forms a gel like compound in the stomach that binds to the ulcer in the stomach and protects it so that the HCL doesn’t continue to effect it.

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14
Q
  1. State the mechanism of action of the following agents used to manage diarrhea: opioid derivatives,, and
A

Produce a decrease in GI mobility & reduce fluid loss by increasing the absorption of salt & water or by decreasing fluid & electrolyte excretion from the GI tract

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15
Q

adsorbents

A

Bind to irritants in the GI tract & try to sponge up/absorbed up the bacteria therefore reducing irritation & slow down movement

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16
Q

bismuth salicylate

A

Stimulates H2O & electrolyte absorption from the lower GI tract thus decreasing fecal fluid loss

17
Q
  1. List the common adverse effects of antidiarrheal agents
A

Overuse cause constipation

18
Q
  1. State the mechanism of action of the following agents used to manage constipation: bulk forming laxatives
A

Absorb water & swell within the lower GI tract, increased size of water laden stretch the bowel & can peristalsis

19
Q

stimulant laxatives

A

Activate peristalsis by direct irritant effect on intestinal mucosa or by stimulation the nerve plexus in the gut wall

20
Q

hyperosmotic laxatives

A

Produce a gradient that draws water into the bowel & small intestine

21
Q

stool softeners

A

Facilitate the entry of water into the fecal mass thus softening the stool & permitting easier defecation

22
Q
  1. List the common adverse effects of agents used to manage constipation
A

GI irritation & overuse can cause dependence

23
Q
  1. Place the following medications into their appropriate therapeutic category: aluminum hydroxide
    magnesium hydroxide
A

Antacids

24
Q

famotidine and ranitidine

A

H2 blockers

25
Q

omeprazole and lansoprazole

A

PPI

26
Q

atropine

A

Anticholinergic

27
Q

misoprostol

A

Prostaglandin’s

28
Q

sucralfate

A

Protective agent

29
Q

loperamide and diphenoxylate

A

Opioid derivatives drug

30
Q

kaolin and pectin

A

Adsorbents drug

31
Q

bismuth and salicylate

A

antidiarrheal

32
Q

psyllium

A

Bulk forming laxative

33
Q

bisacodyl and lactulose

A

laxatives

34
Q

docusate

A

Stool softener

35
Q
  1. Identify the concerns of a physical therapist working with patients using medications to treat gastrointestinal disorders
A

Be aware of stress ulcers in patients with burns, multiple traumas, renal failure, & CNS trauma
Be aware of constipation & fecal impaction in spinal cord injuries
Most drugs produce side effects that will affect rehab like dizziness & fatigue

Pharmacology (22 decks)

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