Chapter 10.1 Flashcards
- Compare the advantages and disadvantages of drug delivery methods for respiratory medications.
All of these routes will affect other tissues in the body.
inhaling is better at delivering drugs directly to lungs. Fewer side effects
- benzonatate mechanism of action (MOA)
Benzonatate: effects vagal nerve endings in the airway. Reduces effects of irritation that starts cough reflex
Codeine, hydrocodone, and dextromethorphan (MOA)
suppresses cough reflex at brainstem
- List the major adverse effects of the antitussives.
sedation, dizziness and GI upset
- List the primary concerns of the physical therapist for patients using antitussives.
They don’t cough
- State the mechanism of action of antihistamines in the management of upper respiratory tract disorders.
block H1 receptor and decreases effects of histamine on upper respiratory tract. Treats coughing, sneezing and irritation.
- List the major adverse effects of antihistamines.
sedation, fatigue, incoordination, blurred vision
- List the primary concerns of the physical therapist for patients using antihistamines for upper respiratory tract disorders.
sedative effects and limit productive cough
- Place the following antihistamines into the proper category (very low, low, high) indicating their potential for sedation: cetirizine, loratadine, chlorpheniramine, and diphenhydramine.
very low: cetirizine, loratadine
Low: chlorpheniramine
High: diphenhydramine
- State the mechanism of action of the decongestants in the management of upper respiratory tract disorders.
Alpha 1 receptor agonists. It vasoconstrics nasal mucosa
- List the major adverse effects of decongestants.
Headache, nausea, nervousness and cardiovascular stimulation
- Lis the primary concerns of the physical therapist for patients using decongestants for upper respiratory tract disorders.
increased BP and heart rate
- acetylcysteine MOA
12 Acetylcysteine: breaks up disulide bounds in mucous, decreasing viscosity
dornase MOA
breaks up DNA that has been released from inflammatory cells in airway
guaifenesin MOA
increase fluid content of phlegm and makes it less viscous and easier to expel
- List the major adverse effects of the mucolytics and expectorants.
nausea, vomiting, irritation of mouth
- State the mechanism of action of beta-adrenergic agonists in the management of respiratory disorders.
stimulate beta 2 receptors on airway smooth muscle increasing intracellular production of cAMP. cAMP initiates bronchodilation
- Classify the following agents as selective or nonselective beta-agonists: epinephrine, albuterol, salmeterol, metaproterenol.
Nonselective: epinephrine
Selective: albuterol, salmeterol, metaproterenol.
- State the duration of action of the following inhaled beta-agonists: albuterol and salmeterol
albuterol: onset: 5-15 minutes peak: 1 hour duration: 3-6 hours
Salmeterol onset: 10-25 minutes Peak: 3-4 hours duration: 12 hours
- List the major adverse effects of beta-agonists.
bronchoconstriction, increased heart rate, nervousness or anxiety
- List the primary concerns of the physical therapist for patients using beta-agonists for upper respiratory tract disorders.
look for signs of overuse and use before postural drainage, increased heart rate and blood pressure
- State the mechanism of action of the xanthines (theophylline and aminophylline).
aminophylline is converted to theophylline in body
theophylline: powerful bronchodilator
- State the mechanism of action of anticholinergic drugs in the management of respiratory disorders.
blocks acetylcholine receptors.
- List the common adverse effects of anticholinergic drugs in the management of respiratory disorders.
dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia, confusion
- Place the following agents in their proper therapeutic categories: benzonatate, codeine, dextromethorphan, hydrocodone, cetirizine, loratadine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, epinephrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, acetylcysteine, dornase alfa, guaifenesin, albuterol, metaproterenol, salmeterol, theophylline, aminophylline, ipratropium, and tiotropium.
benzonatate, codeine, dextromethorphan, hydrocodone are antitussives and are cough relievers
cetirizine, loratadine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine are antihistamines
acetylcysteine, dornase alfa are mucolytics
guaifenesin is an expectorant
albuterol, metaproterenol, salmeterol are selective beta agonists
theophylline, aminophylline are xanthines
ipratropium, and tiotropium are anticholinergic drugs
epinephrine, phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine are decongestants
epinephrine is also a selective beta agonist
