Chapter 13.1 Flashcards
- State the mechanism of action for the following categories of anti-cancer drugs directly affecting DNA synthesis and function: alkylating agents
prevent DNA replication/translation. Cause breaks in DNA chain
antitumor antibiotics
inhibit transcription and causes breaks in DNA chain
platinum coordination complexes
Platinum coordination complexes: inhibit DNA replication
topoisomerase inhibitors
key enzyme needed for DNA replication. Drugs will inhibit this enzyme causing breaks in DNA chain
anti-metabolite
inhibit DNA synthesis
- State the mechanism of action of the following anti-cancer drugs directly affecting cell mitosis: vinka alkaloids
inhibit formation of microtubules
taxanes
inhibit breakdown of microtubules
- List the three primary ways that anticancer hormones exert their anti-cancer effects.
inhibit production of a hormone
Block or reduce effects of hormone
Inhibit cell growth or induce cell death
- State why most conventional anticancer drugs exert severe and potentially toxic side effects.
most of these drugs do not discriminate between health tissues and cancerous tissues
- Define the term targeted therapy.
focus on a specific abnormal trait in the cancer cell that is not present in healthy cells
- List the two primary targeted therapies used in the treatment of cancer.
monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- State the mechanism of action of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of cancer.
cell cloning techniques used to manufacture antibodies that bind to a specific antigen on tumor cells
- State the mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: inhibits the tyrosine kinase receptors. Prevents cell division
- State the mechanisms of action of the following immunotherapies used to treat cancer: cytokines
directly activate pathways that inhibit cell division, promote cell death. Encourage cytotoxic immune cells to attack cancer cells
monoclonal antibodies.
monoclonal antibodies: inhibit proteins that are suppressing the immune cells that normally attack cancer
- Describe the immunotherapy referred to as adoptive cell transfer.
adoptive cell transfer: grow patient’s T-cells in lab and reinsert into patient.
- State how retinoids are used in the therapy of cancer
help cells differentiate and replicate at a more normal rate
- List the common side effects observed with anti-cancer drug therapy.
hair loss, GI problems, anemia, fatigue, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, skin rashes
- State the basis for many of the side effects observed with anti-cancer drug therapy
normal cells are also experiencing the same toxic changes as the tumor cells
- State the basic rationale for using combination chemotherapy regimens
This process of combination chemotherapy increases the chance of successfully treating the cancer because of the additive and synergistic effect of each agent
- Match each of the following anti-cancer agents with its therapeutic category: cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, cisplatin, etoposide, methotrexate, vincristine, tamoxifene, leuprolide, rituximab, imatinib, interferon alpha-2b.
Cyclophosphamide: Akylating agent Daunorubicin: antitumor antibiotic Cisplatin: platinum coordination complex Etoposide: topoisomerase inhibitor Methotrexate: antimetabolites Vincristine: vinka alkaloids Tamoxifene: antiestrogens Leuprolide: gonadotropin releaseing hormone drugs Rituximab: monoclonal antibodies Imatinib: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors interferon alpha-2b: cytokine
- State considerations of a physical therapist working with a patient taking chemotherapy
patient support and managing their pain. Exercising. Looking out for side effects
