Chapter 10.2

Question 1

1. State the rationale for using inhaled glucocorticoids in the management of airway inflammation.

Answer 1

They are the most powerful anti-inflammatory steroids

Question 2

2. List some of the primary problems with the use of glucocorticoids

Answer 2

general catabolic effects like muscle wasting and osteoporosis. Oral administration is dangerous due to side effects

Question 3

3. State the rationale for the use of inhalers combining glucocorticoids with long-acting beta-agonists.

Answer 3

convenient, can be given by MDI and very useful for COPD and asthma

Question 4

4. state the mechanism of action of the cromones in the management of respiratory disorders

Answer 4

prevents release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from pulmonary mast cells.

Question 5

5. State the rationale for the timing of administration of the cromones in the management of inflammatory respiratory disorders.

Answer 5

If taken before exposure it can prevent asthma attack

Question 6

6. State the mechanisms of action of the leukotriene modifiers in the management of respiratory disorders.

Answer 6

mediate inflammatory response and play a role in airway inflammation.

Question 7

7. State the rationale for using supplemental oxygen.

Answer 7

When our lungs can’t distribute enough oxygen into bloodstream

Question 8

8. State the typical oxygen saturation for COPD patients and most other patients with respiratory disorders.

Answer 8

COPD: 88-92%

Other patients: 94-98%

Question 9

9. List the benefits of supplemental oxygen.

Answer 9

exercise tolerance, low morbidity due to better oxygenation of tissues and most importantly, improved quality of life

Question 10

10. List the risks of supplemental oxygen.

Answer 10

Fire, dry nose and nose bleeds, occlusion and oxygen toxicity

Question 11

11. State the mechanism of oxygen toxicity.

Answer 11

Oxygen free radicals damage membranes, proteins and DNA in various cells

Question 12

12. State the rationale for using surfactants and nitric oxide in neonates.

Answer 12

Surfactant: At birth because it decreases chance of lungs to collapse
NO provides better profusion

Question 13

13. nicotine patches, nicotine gum, E-cigarettes MOA

Answer 13

nicotine replacements

Question 14

bupropion MOA

Answer 14

prolongs effects of dopamine in brain and may decrease nicotine cravings

Question 15

varenicline MOA

Answer 15

partial agonist at nicotine receptors

Question 16

14. beclomethasone and fluticasone MOA

Answer 16

are inhaled glucocorticoids

Question 17

salmeterol MOA

Answer 17

is a beta 2 bronchodilator

Question 18

cromolyn MOA

Answer 18

is a cromone

Question 19

zileuton and montelukast MOA

Answer 19

are leukotriene receptor blockers

Question 20

bupropion MOA

Answer 20

prolongs effects of dopamine in brain and may decrease nicotine cravings

Question 21

15. List the special concerns for physical therapists managing patients treated for respiratory disease.

Answer 21

Therapists must be aware of which patients are prone to bronchospastic attacks during exercise
Rehabilitation specialists often play a critical role in preventing pulmonary mucus accumulation
Cardiac side effects of beta adrenergic agonists and xanthine drugs.