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Human Anatomy > Chapter 14: Spinal Cords and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Spinal Cords and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the body extends inferiorly from the brain’s medulla through vertebral canal?

A

Spinal cord

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2
Q

what is the inferior end of the spinal cord that tapers?

A

conus medullaris

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3
Q

what size is the typical adult spinal cord?

A

3/4 inches in diameter, 16-18 inches long and is shorter than the vertebral column

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4
Q

what are the longitudinal depressions of the spinal cord?

A

Posterior median sulcus and Anterior median fissure

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5
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are their?

A

31

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6
Q

what are the 4 parts of the spinal nerves?

A

rootlets, posterior root, anterior root, posterior root ganglion, and mixed nerves

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7
Q

what merges to form the roots?

A

rootlets

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8
Q

what root contains sensory neurons?

A

posterior root

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9
Q

what contains cell bodies of the sensory neurons in the posterior root?

A

posterior root ganglion

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10
Q

what contains motor neurons?

A

anterior root

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11
Q

what is the classification of sensory and motor neurons in a each spinal cord?

A

mixed nerves

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12
Q

what is the name of cluster of cell bodies outside of the CNS?

A

ganglion

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13
Q

the roots of lumbar, sacrap and coocygeal spinal nerves that extend inferiorly from conus medullaris is called the ____

A

cauda equina

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14
Q

what is the delicate layer adhering to the spinal cord?

A

pia mater

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15
Q

what is the web-like layer, external to the pia

A

arachnoid mater

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16
Q

what is the area that is deep to the arachnoid through which CSF flows?

A

subarachnoid space

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17
Q

what is the tough outermost layer that stabilizes the spinal cord? also includes subdural space and epidural space

A

dura mater

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18
Q

what is the procedure for obtaining CSF for medical diagnosis?

A

Lumbar puncture

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19
Q

what type of matter contains little myelin, two posterior (dorsal) horns, two anterior (ventral) horns, and two lateral horns within thoracic and lumbar region?

A

gray matter

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20
Q

what type of matter has myelinated axons, three pairs of funiculi containing tracts;Posterior (dorsal), lateral, and anterior (ventral) funiculi

A

white matter

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21
Q

what are the 3 horns of grey matter?

A

posterior, anterior, and lateral horns

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22
Q

what horn houses axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons?

A

posterior horns

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23
Q

what horn houses cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

A

anterior horns

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24
Q

what horn houses cell bodies of the autonomic motor neurons, only present in T1-L2

A

lateral horns

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25
Q

what nuclei in the posterior horn contain interneurons?

A

sensory nuclei

26
Q

what sensory nuclei receive signals from skin, muscle, joints?

A

somatic

27
Q

what sensory nuclei receives signals from blood vessels, and viscera?

A

visceral

28
Q

what nuclei is in the anterior and lateral horns and contain motor neurons?

A

motor nuclei

29
Q

what motor nuclei innervates skeletal muscles?

A

somatic

30
Q

what motor nuclei innervates smooth muscle, hear and glands?

A

auntonomic

31
Q

what are the three funiculus’ of white matter?

A

posterior, lateral, and anterior funiculus

32
Q

what funiculus Sits between posterior gray horns and posterior median sulcus and Contains sensory tracts (axon bundles called fasciculi)

A

posterior funiculus

33
Q

what funiculus Sits on lateral sides of spinal cord and Contains sensory (ascending) and motor (descending) tracts

A

lateral funiculus

34
Q

what funiculus Sits between anterior gray horns and anterior median fissure. Left and right anterior funiculi are interconnected by white commissure and contains Contains sensory (ascending) and motor (descending) tracts?

A

anterior funiculus

35
Q

what is the term called when many tracts cross the midline of the spinal cord?

A

decussation

36
Q

Tract origin is______ to its destination. when the tracts cross

A

contralateral

37
Q

a right brain stroke impairs left side of body’s function. T o F

A

true

38
Q

all tracts do not cross the midline

A

Falso only some do

39
Q

The tract origin is ipsilateral to its destination. when the tracts do not cross T o F

A

true

40
Q

pathway characteristics of the spinal tracts?

A
  • Pathways are paired: there is a left and a right tract
  • Cell locations: axons are in spinal cord tracts; cell bodies are in ganglia, spinal cord gray horns, and brain gray matter
  • Each pathway is made of a chain of two or more neurons
41
Q

Helps localize damage to spinal nerves. Shingles

A

Dermatome

42
Q

was receptor is the sensory input transmitted through the spinal cord?

A

general sense receptors

43
Q

what receptor of the somatic sensory receptors detect characteristics of an object?

A

tactile receptors

44
Q

what receptor of the somatic sensory receptors detect stretch in joins, muscles, and tendons?

A

proprioceptors

45
Q

what sensory receptors detect changes in an organ?

A

visceral sensory receptors

46
Q

what do somatosensory and viscerosensory pathways have in common?

A

they use a series of neurons to relay signals to brain

47
Q

what type of neuron has peripheral ending, cell body in posterior root ganglion, and axon leading to secondary neuron

A

Primary (1st order) neuron

48
Q

what type of neuron is an interneuron; receives primary input and extends to tertiary neuron or to cerebellum

A

Secondary (2nd order) neuron

49
Q

what type of neuron is an interneuron; receives secondary neuron input and extends to somatosensory cortex of parietal lobe of cerebrum

A

Tertiary (3rd order) neuron

50
Q

what motor neuron is in motor cortex, cerebral nucleus or brainstem nucleus; contacts lower motor neuron

A

upper motor neuron

51
Q

what motor neuron is in cranial nerve nucleus or spinal cord anterior horn; excites muscle

A

lower motor neuron

52
Q

______ carry signals for precise limb movements from motor cortex (upper motor neurons).

A

Corticospinal tracts

53
Q

what tract is large pathway in lateral funiculus.

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

54
Q

what tracts is small pathway in anterior funiculus.

A

Anterior corticospinal tract

55
Q

Medial and lateral reticulospinal tracts.
Medial and lateral vestibulospinal tracts.

A

are add. descending tracts

56
Q

small branches of autonomic fibers

A

rami communicantes

57
Q

what is the Network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves

A

nerve plexus

58
Q

what ramus Innervates muscles and skin of back?

A

posterior ramus

59
Q

what ramus innervates anterior and lateral trunk, upper limb, lower limb?

A

anterior ramus

60
Q

what four main plexuses occur bilaterally?

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses

61
Q

reflexive contraction of muscle after its stretched is…

A

stretch reflex

62
Q

stretch is detected by a…

A

muscle spindle proprioceptor

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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