Chapter 14: Social Psychology

Question 1

Social Cognition

Answer 1

How people perceive, interpret, and categorize their own and others social behaviour

Question 2

Attitudes

Answer 2

Positive or negative evaluative reactions towards a stimulus

Question 3

Components of attitudes

Answer 3

Cognitive (beliefs, ideas)
Affective (emotions, feelings)
Behavioural (predispositions to act)

Question 4

When do attitudes have the strongest influence on behaviour?

Answer 4

When situational factors are weak, or when the attitude is stable, specific to the behaviour, or easily recalled.

Question 5

Central Route of Persuasion

Answer 5

Going directly to the rational mind, influencing attitudes with evidence and logic

Question 6

Peripheral Route of Persuasion

Answer 6

Changing attitudes by going around the rational mind and appealing to fears, desires, and associations

Question 7

Foot-in-the-door Persuasion

Answer 7

Get them to agree to something small so that they will agree to something larger later on

Question 8

Door-in-the-face Persuasion

Answer 8

Ask them for something large, expecting a no, so that they are more likely to agree to a smaller request

Question 9

Self-Perception Theory

Answer 9

Believes that when we’re uncertain about our attitudes, we assume what they are by observing our behaviour.

Question 10

Implicit Attitude

Answer 10

An attitude of which the individual is unaware

Question 11

Evolutionary perspective to stereotypes

Answer 11

Says that we stereotype as a means of survival

Question 12

Realistic Conflict theory of stereotypes

Answer 12

Says that the amount of conflict between groups determines the amount of prejudice between them

Question 13

Social Identity Theory of Stereotypes

Answer 13

Says that social cognitive factors contribute to the onset of prejudice

Question 14

Attributions

Answer 14

Judgements about causes of behaviour and outcomes

Question 15

Dispositional/Internal Attributions

Answer 15

Belief that behaviour is caused by the persons inner traits

Question 16

Situational/External Attributions

Answer 16

Belief that behaviour is caused by the aspects of the situation

Question 17

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 17

When explaining others behaviour, we tend to underestimate the impact of situational factors and overestimate the role of dispositional factors

Question 18

Actor Observer Effect

Answer 18

In a situation, we tend to make situational attributions about our own behaviour and dispositional attributions about the behaviour or others

Question 19

Self-serving Bias

Answer 19

When explaining our own behaviour, we tend to use dispositional attributions for successes and situational attributions for failures

Question 20

Asch Comformity Studies

Answer 20

Proved that 1/3 of people will agree with obvious lies to go along with the group

Question 21

When are you more likely to conform?

Answer 21

When you are not firmly commited to one set of beliefs or style of behaviour.
The group is medium sized and unanimous
You feel positive towards the group
The group tries to make you feel incompetent, insecure, and closely watched
Your culture encourages respect for norms

Question 22

Normative Social Influence

Answer 22

Going along with others in pursuit of social approval or belonging, and to avoid rejection

Question 23

Informational Social Influence

Answer 23

Going along with others because their ideas and behaviours make sense, the evidence in our social environment changes our minds

Question 24

Factors that increase obedience

Answer 24

Remoteness of victim
Closeness and legitimacy of authority
Someone else doing dirty work
When all other participants obey and no one disobeys
Personal characteristics are not important

Question 25

Additive Task

Answer 25

Productivity increases with group size

Question 26

Conjunctive Task

Answer 26

Group is as productive as the weakest link

Question 27

Disjunctive Task

Answer 27

A single solution is required, the strongest group member is likely to provide the solution

Question 28

Divisible Task

Answer 28

Simultaneous performance of several tasks, larger group with a leader to coordinate tasks is optimal

Question 29

Social Facilitation

Answer 29

When your performance improves because other people are present. Can influence both physical and mental tasks

Question 30

Social Loafing

Answer 30

The tendency to expend less individual effort when working in a group than when working alone.

Question 31

Social Compensation

Answer 31

The tendency to exert more effort when working in a group than working alone to compensate for the lack of effort from other group members

Question 32

Group Polarization

Answer 32

When people of similar views form a group, discussion within the group makes their views more extreme. This makes different groups become more different in their views.

Question 33

Groupthink

Answer 33

In pursuit of social harmony, groups will make decisions without an open exchange of ideas

Question 34

When are bystanders more likely to help?

Answer 34

When the person we might help appears to be in need, is a woman or similar to us in some way, or we are in a small town.

Question 35

Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 35

When you form an attachment to people just because you are near them.

Question 36

Triangle of Love

Answer 36

Passionate Love
Compassionate Love
Romantic Love

Question 37

Passionate Love

Answer 37

A state of strong attraction, interest and excitement that is felt so strongly that people are absorbed in each other

Question 38

Compassionate Love

Answer 38

Deer caring, affectionate and strong attachment or commitment

Question 39

Romantic Love

Answer 39

Often starts with attraction, then has a phase of passionate love, grows into compassionate love, then becomes closer.