Chapter 1: History of Psychology

Question 1

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 1

Applies the scientific method to the study of the mind.

The dominant perspective in psychology.

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

Led by Edward Tichener.
Seeks to understand the basic elements of consciousness.
Relies on introspection.

Question 3

Psychobiology/Neuroscience

Answer 3

Explains behaviour in terms of physiological processes, how brain structure and activity relates to behaviour.

Question 4

Humanism

Answer 4

Argues that psychoanalysis and behaviourism are dehumanising.
Emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, like freedom and personal growth.

Question 5

Behaviourism

Answer 5

Argues that psychology should focus on directly observable behaviours.
The dominant school of thought in the early 1900s

Question 6

Psychoanalysis

Answer 6

Founded by Sigmund Freud.

Focused on the role of the unconscious and the importance of early childhood experiences.

Question 7

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 7

Believes that consciousness can’t be broken down into elements, and that we perceive things as whole perceptual units.

Question 8

Functionalism

Answer 8

Led by William James.
Seeks to understand the function of the mind.
Led to other schools of thought.