Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
Drive Reduction
Behaviour is motivated by biological needs to maintain the body in a state of balance.
Arousal
Behaviour is motivated by the need to achieve optimum levels of arousal
Extrinsic Motivation
Performing an activity to obtain an external reward or to avoid punishment
Intrinsic Motivation
Performing an activity for its own sake
Instinct Theory
Argues that instincts motivate our behaviour.
Homeostasis
Internal physiological balance that the body tries to maintain.
Requires sensory mechanism, response system, and control center.
Drive Reduction Theory
Physiological disruptions to homeostasis force behaviours.
Arousal Theory
Says that we are motivated to pursue an optimal level of arousal, and that some motivated behaviours increase arousal while others decrease it.
Yerkes-Dodson Law.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Believes that performance of a task is best when the arousal level is optimal for that specific task
Incentive Theory
Says that behaviour is determined by the expectation that the behaviour will lead to a goal, this also depends on the incentive of the goal.
Set Point Theory
Believes that there is a biologically determined standard around which fat mass is regulated, and that homeostatic mechanisms alter energy use and hunger to keep us at our original weight.
Leptin
Hormone secretes by fat cells.
Signals the brain to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure.
Lateral Hypothalamus
May be involved in stimulating eating, but is not a “hunger on” button.
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
May influence stopping eating, but is not a “hunger off” bottom.
Anorexia Nervosa
When individuals under eat and have a distorted body image of being overweight.
