Chapter 14 Packet Flashcards
An exclusive or rigid social distinction based on birth, wealth, occupation, and so forth
caste
One who advocates policies favoring native-born citizens and displays hostility or prejudice toward immigrants
nativist
a large establishment for the manufacturing of goods, including buildings and substantial machinery
factory
A distinguishing symbol or word used by a manufacturer on its goods,usually registered by law to protect against imitators
trademark
the legal certification of an original invention, product, or process, guaranteeing its holder sole rights to profits from its use or reproduction for a specified period of time
patent
legal responsibility for loss or damage
liability
the organization of individuals into an institutional entity with legal defined privileges and responsibilities
incorporation
an organization of workers-usually wage-earning workers- to promote the interests and welfare of its members, often by collective bargaining with employers
labor union
an organized work stoppage by employees in order to obtain better wages, working conditions, and so on
strike
an individual or group who uses its accumulated funds or private property to produce goods or services for profit in a market
capitalist
a toll road
turnpike
later descendants or subsequent generations
posterity
in economics, the relative efficiency in the production of goods and services, measured in terms of the quantity of goods or services produced by workers in a certain length of time
productivity
the direct exchange of goods or services for one another, without the use of cash or any other medium of exchange
barter
american frontier life was often plagued by poverty and illness
true
Even as they often despoiled nature, Americans celebrated the spectacular American landscape and wilderness as a defining element of national culture and identity
True
The growing cheapness and speed of transatlantic steamships made the United States the preferred destination for European immigrants
True
The primary cause of nativist hostility to Irish immigrants was their frequent involvement in fights and street gangs
False
The early industrial revolution was greatly advanced by Eli Whitney’s introduction of the system of interchangeable parts
True
Early labor unions made very slow progress, partly because the strike weapon was illegal and ineffective
True
Most married women in the earl nineteenth century worked only part-time and contributed their income to the support of their families
False
The child-centered family developed in the early nineteenth century partly because Americans deliberately limited the number of their children
True
The erie canal greatly lowered the cost of midwestern agricultural products in the markets of eastern big cities and even europe
True
The railroad gained quick acceptance as a safer and more efficient alternative to waterbound transportation
False
In the sectional division of labor that developed before the Civil War, the South provided corn and meat to feed the nation, the Midwest produced industrial goods and textiles, and the Northeast supplied financial and communications services
False
The growth of the market economy increasingly undermined the family’s role as a self-sufficient producing unit and made the home a place of refuge from work
True
By 1850, permanent telegraph lines had been stretched across both the Atlantic Ocean and the North American Continent
False
The advances in manufacturing and transportation decreased the gap between rich and poor in America
False
In the 1830s, new legal and governmental policies prohibiting chartered business monopolies encouraged competition and aided the market economy
True
In 1850, over one-half of the American population was
under the age of thirty
Writers like James Fenimore Cooper and Herman Melville explored characters who exemplified the American frontier’s cultural emphasis on
rugged individualism
Americans came to look on their spectacular western wilderness areas especially as
A distinctive and inspirational feature of American national identity
Compared to European immigration to other countries like Australia and Argentina, immigrants to the United States were
from a greater diversity of European countries
The two leading sources of European immigration to America in the 1840s and 1850s were
Germany and Ireland
Many nineteenth-century Americans feared and distrusted Roman Catholicism because
E
Industrialization was, at first, slow to arrive America because
A
The first industry to be substantially dominated by the new factory system of mass manufacturing was the
E
Wages for most American workers rose in the early nineteenth century, except for the most exploited workers like
D
A major change affecting the American family in the early nineteenth century was
a decline in the average number of children per household
In early nineteenth century America, almost all the women who worked for wages in the new factories were
young and single
The greatest economic and political impact of New York’s Erie Canal was to
C
The new regional division of labor created by improved transportation meant that the South specialized in
A
Free incorporation laws, limited liability laws, and the Supreme Court’s decision prohibiting state governments from granting irrevocable charters to corporations all greatly aided
D
One major effect of industrialization was a/an
rise in the gap between rich and poor
new york democratic machine organization that exemplified the growing power of Irish immigrants in American politics
Tammany hall
Semisecret irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in America
Ancient Order of Hiberians
Liberal German refugees who fled failed democratic revolutions and came to America
Forty eighters
Popular nickname of the secretive, nativist American Party that gained considerable, temporary success in the 1850s by attacking immigrants and Catholics
Know nothing party
The transformation of manufacturing that began in Britain about 1750
Industrial revolution
Whitney’s invention that enhanced cotton production and have new life to black slavery
Cotton gin
Principle that permitted individual investors to risk no more capital in a business venture that their own share of a corporations stock
Limited liability
Major European exposition in 1851 that provided a dazzling showcase for the American inventions of Samuel Morse, Cyrus mcCormick, and Charles Goodyear
London worlds fair
Massachusetts Supreme Court decision of 1842 that overturned the widespread doctrine that labor unions were illegal conspiracies in restraint of trade
Commonwealth v hunt
Term for the widespread nineteenth-century cultural creed that glorified women’s roles as wives and mothers in the home
Cult of domesticity
Cyrus McCormicks invention that vastly increased the productivity of the am exam grain farmer
McCormick reaper
The only major highway constructed by the federal government before the Civil War (either of the two names for the highway are acceptable)
National highway
The name of Robert Fulton’s first steamship that sailed up the Hudson River in 1807
Clermont
Clinton’s Big Ditch that transformed transportation and economic life across the Great Lakes region from Buffalo to Chicago
Erie Canal
Short lives but spectacular service that carried mail from Missouri to California in only ten days
Pony express
Immigrant mechanic who initiated American industrialization by setting up his cotton-spinning factory in 1791
Samuel Slater
Escaped nun whose lurid book awful disclosures became an anti catholic best seller in the 1830s
Maria Monk
Weapons manufacturer whose popular revolver used Whitney’s system of interchangeable parts
Samuel Colt
Yankee mechanical genius who revolutionized cotton production and created the system of interchangeable parts
Eli Whitney
Inventor of a Machine that revolutionized the ready made clothing industry
Elias Howe
Painter turned inventor who developed the first reliable system for instant communication across distance
Samuel FB Morse
Prominent figure who helped turn teaching into a largely female profession
Catharine Beecher
Agitators against immigrants and Roman Catholics
Know nothing’s
Pioneering Massachusetts Supreme Court decision that declared labor unions legal
Commonwealth v hunt
Inventor of the mechanical reaper that transformed grain growing into a business
Cyrus McCormick
Developed of a folly that made rivers two way streams of transportation
Robert Fulton
Wealthy New York manufacturer who laid the first temporary transatlantic cable in 1858
Cyrus Field
Supreme Court justice whose ruling in the Charles River bridge case opened chartered monopolies to competition
Roger Taney
Radical secret Irish labor union of the 1860s and 1870s
Molly maguires
New York governor who built the Erie Canal
Dewitt Clinton
