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AP US 1 > Chapter 14 Packet > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Packet Flashcards

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1
Q

An exclusive or rigid social distinction based on birth, wealth, occupation, and so forth

A

caste

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2
Q

One who advocates policies favoring native-born citizens and displays hostility or prejudice toward immigrants

A

nativist

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3
Q

a large establishment for the manufacturing of goods, including buildings and substantial machinery

A

factory

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4
Q

A distinguishing symbol or word used by a manufacturer on its goods,usually registered by law to protect against imitators

A

trademark

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5
Q

the legal certification of an original invention, product, or process, guaranteeing its holder sole rights to profits from its use or reproduction for a specified period of time

A

patent

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6
Q

legal responsibility for loss or damage

A

liability

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7
Q

the organization of individuals into an institutional entity with legal defined privileges and responsibilities

A

incorporation

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8
Q

an organization of workers-usually wage-earning workers- to promote the interests and welfare of its members, often by collective bargaining with employers

A

labor union

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9
Q

an organized work stoppage by employees in order to obtain better wages, working conditions, and so on

A

strike

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10
Q

an individual or group who uses its accumulated funds or private property to produce goods or services for profit in a market

A

capitalist

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11
Q

a toll road

A

turnpike

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12
Q

later descendants or subsequent generations

A

posterity

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13
Q

in economics, the relative efficiency in the production of goods and services, measured in terms of the quantity of goods or services produced by workers in a certain length of time

A

productivity

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14
Q

the direct exchange of goods or services for one another, without the use of cash or any other medium of exchange

A

barter

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15
Q

american frontier life was often plagued by poverty and illness

A

true

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16
Q

Even as they often despoiled nature, Americans celebrated the spectacular American landscape and wilderness as a defining element of national culture and identity

A

True

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17
Q

The growing cheapness and speed of transatlantic steamships made the United States the preferred destination for European immigrants

A

True

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18
Q

The primary cause of nativist hostility to Irish immigrants was their frequent involvement in fights and street gangs

A

False

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19
Q

The early industrial revolution was greatly advanced by Eli Whitney’s introduction of the system of interchangeable parts

A

True

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20
Q

Early labor unions made very slow progress, partly because the strike weapon was illegal and ineffective

A

True

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21
Q

Most married women in the earl nineteenth century worked only part-time and contributed their income to the support of their families

A

False

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22
Q

The child-centered family developed in the early nineteenth century partly because Americans deliberately limited the number of their children

A

True

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23
Q

The erie canal greatly lowered the cost of midwestern agricultural products in the markets of eastern big cities and even europe

A

True

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24
Q

The railroad gained quick acceptance as a safer and more efficient alternative to waterbound transportation

A

False

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25
Q

In the sectional division of labor that developed before the Civil War, the South provided corn and meat to feed the nation, the Midwest produced industrial goods and textiles, and the Northeast supplied financial and communications services

A

False

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26
Q

The growth of the market economy increasingly undermined the family’s role as a self-sufficient producing unit and made the home a place of refuge from work

A

True

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27
Q

By 1850, permanent telegraph lines had been stretched across both the Atlantic Ocean and the North American Continent

A

False

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28
Q

The advances in manufacturing and transportation decreased the gap between rich and poor in America

A

False

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29
Q

In the 1830s, new legal and governmental policies prohibiting chartered business monopolies encouraged competition and aided the market economy

A

True

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30
Q

In 1850, over one-half of the American population was

A

under the age of thirty

31
Q

Writers like James Fenimore Cooper and Herman Melville explored characters who exemplified the American frontier’s cultural emphasis on

A

rugged individualism

32
Q

Americans came to look on their spectacular western wilderness areas especially as

A

A distinctive and inspirational feature of American national identity

33
Q

Compared to European immigration to other countries like Australia and Argentina, immigrants to the United States were

A

from a greater diversity of European countries

34
Q

The two leading sources of European immigration to America in the 1840s and 1850s were

A

Germany and Ireland

35
Q

Many nineteenth-century Americans feared and distrusted Roman Catholicism because

A

E

36
Q

Industrialization was, at first, slow to arrive America because

A

A

37
Q

The first industry to be substantially dominated by the new factory system of mass manufacturing was the

A

E

38
Q

Wages for most American workers rose in the early nineteenth century, except for the most exploited workers like

A

D

39
Q

A major change affecting the American family in the early nineteenth century was

A

a decline in the average number of children per household

40
Q

In early nineteenth century America, almost all the women who worked for wages in the new factories were

A

young and single

41
Q

The greatest economic and political impact of New York’s Erie Canal was to

A

C

42
Q

The new regional division of labor created by improved transportation meant that the South specialized in

A

A

43
Q

Free incorporation laws, limited liability laws, and the Supreme Court’s decision prohibiting state governments from granting irrevocable charters to corporations all greatly aided

A

D

44
Q

One major effect of industrialization was a/an

A

rise in the gap between rich and poor

45
Q

new york democratic machine organization that exemplified the growing power of Irish immigrants in American politics

A

Tammany hall

46
Q

Semisecret irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in America

A

Ancient Order of Hiberians

47
Q

Liberal German refugees who fled failed democratic revolutions and came to America

A

Forty eighters

48
Q

Popular nickname of the secretive, nativist American Party that gained considerable, temporary success in the 1850s by attacking immigrants and Catholics

A

Know nothing party

49
Q

The transformation of manufacturing that began in Britain about 1750

A

Industrial revolution

50
Q

Whitney’s invention that enhanced cotton production and have new life to black slavery

A

Cotton gin

51
Q

Principle that permitted individual investors to risk no more capital in a business venture that their own share of a corporations stock

A

Limited liability

52
Q

Major European exposition in 1851 that provided a dazzling showcase for the American inventions of Samuel Morse, Cyrus mcCormick, and Charles Goodyear

A

London worlds fair

53
Q

Massachusetts Supreme Court decision of 1842 that overturned the widespread doctrine that labor unions were illegal conspiracies in restraint of trade

A

Commonwealth v hunt

54
Q

Term for the widespread nineteenth-century cultural creed that glorified women’s roles as wives and mothers in the home

A

Cult of domesticity

55
Q

Cyrus McCormicks invention that vastly increased the productivity of the am exam grain farmer

A

McCormick reaper

56
Q

The only major highway constructed by the federal government before the Civil War (either of the two names for the highway are acceptable)

A

National highway

57
Q

The name of Robert Fulton’s first steamship that sailed up the Hudson River in 1807

A

Clermont

58
Q

Clinton’s Big Ditch that transformed transportation and economic life across the Great Lakes region from Buffalo to Chicago

A

Erie Canal

59
Q

Short lives but spectacular service that carried mail from Missouri to California in only ten days

A

Pony express

60
Q

Immigrant mechanic who initiated American industrialization by setting up his cotton-spinning factory in 1791

A

Samuel Slater

61
Q

Escaped nun whose lurid book awful disclosures became an anti catholic best seller in the 1830s

A

Maria Monk

62
Q

Weapons manufacturer whose popular revolver used Whitney’s system of interchangeable parts

A

Samuel Colt

63
Q

Yankee mechanical genius who revolutionized cotton production and created the system of interchangeable parts

A

Eli Whitney

64
Q

Inventor of a Machine that revolutionized the ready made clothing industry

A

Elias Howe

65
Q

Painter turned inventor who developed the first reliable system for instant communication across distance

A

Samuel FB Morse

66
Q

Prominent figure who helped turn teaching into a largely female profession

A

Catharine Beecher

67
Q

Agitators against immigrants and Roman Catholics

A

Know nothing’s

68
Q

Pioneering Massachusetts Supreme Court decision that declared labor unions legal

A

Commonwealth v hunt

69
Q

Inventor of the mechanical reaper that transformed grain growing into a business

A

Cyrus McCormick

70
Q

Developed of a folly that made rivers two way streams of transportation

A

Robert Fulton

71
Q

Wealthy New York manufacturer who laid the first temporary transatlantic cable in 1858

A

Cyrus Field

72
Q

Supreme Court justice whose ruling in the Charles River bridge case opened chartered monopolies to competition

A

Roger Taney

73
Q

Radical secret Irish labor union of the 1860s and 1870s

A

Molly maguires

74
Q

New York governor who built the Erie Canal

A

Dewitt Clinton

AP US 1 (17 decks)

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