Chapter 13 Packet Flashcards
Deference
The yielding of one’s opinion to the judgment of someone else, usually of higher social standing
Puritanical
Extremely or excessively strict matters of morals or religion
Mudslinging
Malicious, unscrupulous attacks against an opponent
Spoils
Public offices of other favors given as a reward for political support
Denominations
In American religion, the major branches of Christianity, organized into distinct church structures, such as Presbyterians, Baptists, Disicples of Christ, etc
Evangelical
In American religion, those believers and groups, usually Protestant, who emphasize personal salvation, individual conversion experiences, voluntary commitment, and the authority of Scripture
Hard money
Metal money or coins, as distinguished from paper money (the term also came to mean reliable or secure money that maintained or increased its purchasing power over time. Soft money, or paper money, was assumed to be inflationary and to lose value)
Usurpation
The act of seizing, occupying, or enjoying the place, power, or functions of someone without legal right
Favorite sons
In American politics, presidential candidates who are nominated by their own state, primarily of local loyalty, without expection of winning
Machine
A hierarchical political organization, often controlled through patronage or spoils, where professional politicians can deliver large blocs of voters to preferred candidates
Temperance
Campaigns for voluntary commitment to moderation or total abstinence in the consumption of liquid
Populist
A political program or style focused on the common people, and attacking perspectives and policies associated with the well-off, well-born, or well-educated
Divine right
The belief that government or rulers are directly established by god
The last election based on elitist political system was the four-way presidential campaign of 1824 involving Jackson, Clay, Crawford, and John Quincy Adams
True
Henry Clay disproved the charge of a corrupt bargain between himself and president Adams by refusing to accept any favors from the new administration
False
President Adams lost public support by promoting strong nationalistic principles in a time of growing support for sectionalism and states’ rights
True
Andrew Jackson became a great popular hero as president because he continued to live the same life of frontier toughness and simplicity as his followers
False
The election campaign of 1828 was notable for the well-formulated debates between Andrew Jackson and president Adams on the issues of the tariff and removal of the barriers to political equality and democracy
False
Jackson’s victory in 1828 represented the triumph of the west and the common people over the older elitist political system
True
The Jacksonian practices their belief that because all citizens were equal, anyone could hold public positions without particular qualifications
True
South Carolina’s fierce opposition to the Tariff of Abomination reflected an underlying fear that enhanced federal power might be turned against the institution of slavery
True
Andrew Jackson used mediation and compromise rather than threats of force to persuade South Carolina to back away from its nullification of the tariff laws
False
The powerful Cherokees of the southeastern United States fiercely resisted white efforts to alter their traditional culture and way of life
False
When the Supreme Court ruled against the state of Georgia and in favor of southeastern Indians’ rights, Jackson defied the Supreme Court’s rulings and ordered the Cherokees and other southeastern tribes forcibly removed to Oklahoma
True
Jackson successfully used his veto of the bill to recharter the wealthy Bank of the United States to politically mobilize the common people of the west against the financial elite of the east
True
The Whig party was united by its principles of states rights, western expansionism, and opposition to the role of evangelical Christianity in politics
False
A primary source of tension between settlers in Texas and the Mexican government was Mexico’s abolition of slavery and prohibition of slave importation
True
William Henry Harrison’s background as an ordinary frontiersmen born in a log cabin enabled Whigs to match and exceed the Democrats’ appeal to the common man in the campaign of 1840
True
The Jacksonian charge that John Quincy Adams won the presidency through a corrupt bargain arose because
After Henry Clay threw his support to Adams, he was appointed secretary of state
Which if the following was not among the factors that made John Quincy Adams’s presidency a political failure?
Adams’s involvement with corrupt machine deals and politicians
Andrew Jackson’s strong appeal to the common people arose partly because
He had risen from the masses and reflected many of their prejudices in his personal attitudes and outlook
One political development that demonstrated the power of the new popular democratic movement in politics was
The use of party loyalty as the primary qualification for appointing people to public office
Andrew Jackson’s fundamental approach during the South Carolina nullification crisis was to
Mobilize a sizable military force and threaten to hang the nullifiers
Under the surface of the South’s strong opposition to the Tariff of Abominations was
A fear of growing federal power that might interfere with slavery
Some southeastern Indian tribes like the Cherokees were notable for their
Development of effective agricultural, educational, and political institutions
In promoting his policy of Indian removal, President Andrew Jackson
Defied rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court that favored the Cherokees
Jackson’s veto of the Bank of the United States recharter bill represented a
Bold assertion of presidential power on behalf of western farmers and other debtors
One important result of president Jackson’s destruction of the Bank of the United States was
The lack of a stable banking system to finance the era of rapid industrialization
Among the political innovations that first appeared in the election of 1832 were
Third-party campaigning, national conventions, and party platforms
In the immediate aftermath of the successful Texas Revolution
Texas petitioned to join the United States but was refused admission
The Panic of 1837 and the subsequent severe depression were caused primarily by
Over speculation and Jackson’s hard-money financial policies
Prominent leaders of the Whig party included
Henry Clay and Daniel Webster
The real significance of William Henry Harrison’s victory in the election of 1840 was that it
Showed that the Whigs could practice the new mass democratic politics as successfully as the democrats
New, circus like method of nominating presidential candidates that involved wider participation but usually left effective control in the hands of party bosses
Conventions
Small, short loved third political party thy originated a new method of nominating presidential candidates in the election campaign of 1831-1832
Anti-Masonic party
Contemptuous Jacksonian term for the alleged political deal by which Clay threw his support to Adams in exchange for a high cabinet office
Corrupt bargain
Andrew Jackson’s popular nickname, signaling his toughness and strength
Old hickory
The arrangement under which public offices were handed out on the basis of political support rather than qualifications
Spoils system
Scornful southern term for the high Tariff of 1828
Tariff of abominations
Theory promoted by John C Calhoun and other South Carolinians that said states had the right to disregard federal laws to which the obeyed
Nullification
The “moneyed monster” that Clay tried to preserve and that Jackson killed with his veto in 1832
Bank of the United States
Ritualistic secret societies that became the target of a momentarily powerful third party in 1832
Masons
Religious believers, originally attracted to the anti-Masonic party and then to the Whigs, who sought to use political power for moral and religious reform
Evangelical Protestants
Any two of the southeastern Indian people’s who were removed to Oklahoma
Cherokee/ Seminoles
The sorrowful path along which thousands of southeastern Indians were removed to Oklahoma
Trail of tears
Conflict of 1832 in which the Sauk and Fox Indians of Illinois and Wisconsin were defeated by federal troops and state militias
Black hawk war
Economic crisis that precipitated an economic depression and doomed the presidency of Martin Van Buren
Panic of 1837
Popular symbols of the flamboyant but effective campaign the Whigs used to elect “poor-boy” William Henry Harrison over Martin Van Buren in 1840
Log cabin & hard cider
Former Vice President, leader of South Carolina nullifiers, and butter enemy of Andrew Jackson
John C Calhoun
Jackson’s rival for the presidency in 1832, who failed to save the BUS
Henry clay
Talented but high handed bank president who fought a bitter loosing battle with the president of the United States
Nicholas Biddle
Cherokee leader who devised an alphabet for his people
Sequoyah
Aloof New England statesman whose elitism made him an unpopular leader in the new era of mass democracy
John Quincy Adams
A frontier hero, Tennessee Congressman, and teller of tall tales who died in the Texas War for Independence
David Crocket
Original leader of American settlers in Texas who obtained a huge land grant from the Mexican government
Moses Austin
Former Tennessee governor whose victory at San Jacinto in 1836 won Texas its independence
Sam Houston
Seminole leader whose warriors killed fifteen hundred American soldiers in years if guerrilla warfare
Osceola
Mexican general and dictator whose large army failed to defeat Texas rebels
Santa Anna
The “wizard of Albany” whose economically troubled presidency was served in the shadow of Jackson
Martin Van Buren
Illinois- Wisconsin area Sauk leader who was defeated by American regulars and militia in 1832
Black Hawk
“Old Tippecanoe” who was portrayed by Whig propagandists as a hard drinking common man of the frontier
William Henry Harrison
Political party that favored a more activist government, high tariffs, internal improvements, and moral reforms
Whigs
Political party that generally stressed individual liberty, the rights of the common people, and hostility to privilege
Democrats
Former Vice President, leader of South Carolina nullifiers, and butter enemy of Andrew Jackson
John C Calhoun
Jackson’s rival for the presidency in 1832, who failed to save the BUS
Henry clay
Talented but high handed bank president who fought a bitter loosing battle with the president of the United States
Nicholas Biddle
Cherokee leader who devised an alphabet for his people
Sequoyah
Aloof New England statesman whose elitism made him an unpopular leader in the new era of mass democracy
John Quincy Adams
A frontier hero, Tennessee Congressman, and teller of tall tales who died in the Texas War for Independence
David Crocket
Original leader of American settlers in Texas who obtained a huge land grant from the Mexican government
Moses Austin
Former Tennessee governor whose victory at San Jacinto in 1836 won Texas its independence
Sam Houston
Seminole leader whose warriors killed fifteen hundred American soldiers in years if guerrilla warfare
Osceola
Mexican general and dictator whose large army failed to defeat Texas rebels
Santa Anna
The “wizard of Albany” whose economically troubled presidency was served in the shadow of Jackson
Martin Van Buren
Illinois- Wisconsin area Sauk leader who was defeated by American regulars and militia in 1832
Black Hawk
“Old Tippecanoe” who was portrayed by Whig propagandists as a hard drinking common man of the frontier
William Henry Harrison
Political party that favored a more activist government, high tariffs, internal improvements, and moral reforms
Whigs
Political party that generally stressed individual liberty, the rights of the common people, and hostility to privilege
Democrats
